Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

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The pollution of surface water in the agricultural catchment against the background of agrarian structure and production intensity

Lach Stanisław K., Kowalczyk Agnieszka, Kopacz Marek T., Kowalewski Zbigniew, Jakubiak Mateusz, Mazur Robert, Grabowska-Polanowska Beata

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 56

242--248

EN

The intensification of agricultural production is one of the factors determining economic development. Increasing mechanisation and use of fertilisers in agriculture lead to higher yields, but at the same time they can pose a threat to the environment. The overuse of chemical fertilisers contributes to increased concentration of nutrients in agricultural runoff. One of such areas is the Szreniawa River catchment, the study area located in the southern part of Poland. In this catchment, intensive mostly mechanical ploughing is applied in, for instance, vegetable production. The area has loess soils, which with intensive ploughing are susceptible to erosion. The study aims to determine changes in the quality of flowing waters against the background of agricultural production and land-use characteristics. Surface waters were classified as class II and occurred at all analysed points. The highest concentrations of N-NO3 , N-NH 4 and P-PO 4 were found at a point in the middle of the catchment (lower part of research area). There, the lowest concentrations were recorded in 2018, which was related to the amount of precipitation during the growing season. On the other hand, the volume of plant and animal production closely correlated with the quality of surface water in the area. This was also confirmed by the land use structure. In conclusion, intensive agricultural production, mainly in terms of plough tillage causes significant hazards associated with soil erosion especially on agriculturally sensitive soils, although it provides good yields.

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A multicriteria approach to different land use scenarios in the Western Carpathians with the SWAT model

Kowalczyk Agnieszka W., Grabowska-Polanowska Beata, Garbowski Tomasz, Kopacz Marek, Lach Stanisław, Mazur Robert

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 57

130--139

EN

Water erosion in mountainous areas is a major problem, especially on steep slopes exposed to intense precipitation. This paper presents the analysis of the topsoil loss using the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model. The SWAT model is a deterministic catchment model with a daily time step. It was designed to anticipate changes taking place in the catchment area, such as climate change and changes in land use and development, including the quantity and quality of water resources, soil erosion and agricultural production. In addition to hydrological and environmental aspects, the SWAT model is used to address socio-economic and demographic issues, such as water supply and food production. This program is integrated with QGIS software. The results were evaluated using the following statistical coefficients: determination (R2), Nash-Sutcliff model efficiency (NS), and percentage deviation index (PBIAS). An assessment of modelling results was made in terms of their variation according to different land cover scenarios. In the case of the scenario with no change in use, the average annual loss of topsoil (average upland sediment yield) was found to be 14.3 Mg∙ha-1. The maximum upland sediment yield was 94.6 Mg∙ha-1. On the other hand, there is an accumulation of soil material in the lower part of the catchment (in-stream sediment change), on average 13.27 Mg∙ha-1 per year.

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Impact of Mountain Grassland Management on Groundwater Recharge in the Polish Carpathians

Kowalczyk Agnieszka, Jaguś Andrzej, Grabowska-Polanowska Beata

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 11

321--329

EN

Which modern use of grassland is the most beneficial for the protection of water resources in the Polish Carpathians is scarcely known; thus, the deep outflows from organically, extensively, semi-intensively and intensively used and unused grasslands between 2019 and 2022 were measured. The studies showed that use impacted the process of deep infiltration, but the differences were clearest between the areas where management was reduced to a minimum (lowest outflow) and the areas which were mown most often (highest outflow). No effect of fertilisation was detected. To intensify groundwater recharge, it is evidently necessary to mow vegetation twice or three times per season; more frequent mowing changed the characteristics of the vegetation in an undesirable way. The fallowing of grasslands proved to be a practice unfavourable to groundwater resources.

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The benefits of synthetic or natural hydrogels application in agriculture : an overview article

Grabowska-Polanowska Beata, Garbowski Tomasz, Bar-Michalczyk Dominika, Kowalczyk Agnieszka

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2021

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no. 51

208--224

EN

In recent years, a growing problem of water deficit has been observed, which is particularly acute for agriculture. To alleviate the effects of drought, hydrogel soil additives – superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) – can be helpful. The primary objective of this article was to present a comparison of the advantages resulting from the application of synthetic or natural hydrogels in agriculture. The analysis of the subject was carried out based on 129 articles published between 1992 and 2020. In the article, the advantages of the application of hydrogel products in order to improve soil quality, and crop growth. Both kinds of soil amendments (synthetic and natural) similarly improve the yield of crops. In the case of natural origin polymers, a lower cost of preparation and a shorter time of biodegradation are indicated as the main advantage in comparison to synthetic polymers, and greater security for the environment.

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Measurement of the Inside Microclimate of Footwear Constructed from Different Material Sets

Grabowska-Polanowska Beata, Kwiecień Joanna, Gajewski Robert

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2020

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Vol. 28, no. 6 (144)

79--84

EN

The aim of the research was to determine the effect of footwear materials used on the microclimate inside shoes and to identify which material set provides optimal comfort to users. The microclimate of the interior of 21 pairs of footwear was tested. Selected nonwovens, natural leather, and leather-like materials were used to make the upper, lining and insole lining. Determined was the amount of water absorbed on the sock fibres, and measurement was taken of the relative humidity and temperature, as well as the permeability and sorption of outer materials and lining elements.Results of the researches carried out showed that in order to ensure adequate footwear comfort, materials for the upper should have high permeability, while lining materials should have both high sorption and permeability.

PL

Przedmiotem badań było porównanie komfortu obuwia wykonanego z różnych materiałów obuwniczych oraz wskazanie, które z nich są najlepsze pod względem właściwości higienicznych i komfortu. Testowano mikroklimat wnętrza 19 par obuwia. Wybrane włókniny, skóra naturalna, materiały skóropodobne zostały użyte do wykonania wierzchu, podszewki i wyściółki. Określono ilość wody wchłoniętej na włóknach skarpety, wilgotność względną, temperaturę, przepuszczalność i sorpcję materiałów zewnętrznych i elementów podszewki. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań wykazały, że w celu zapewnienia odpowiedniego komfortu obuwia materiały na cholewkę powinny mieć wysoką przepuszczalność, a materiały podszewki powinny mieć zarówno wysoką sorpcję, jak i przepuszczalność.