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Strain-based running-reliability characterisation in time-domain for risk monitoring under various load conditions

Singh S.S.K., Abdullah L., Abdullah S., Azman A.H., Ariffin A.K.

Eksploatacja i Niezawodność

2024

Vol. 26, no. 3

art. no. 186825

This aim of this paper is to characterise the strain-based fatigue life data in time-domain using the newly modelled running-reliability technique that considers the load sequence effect. Current established conventional strain life models do not consider dependence for fatigue life of low or high amplitudes, on which with occur first in the load history. Finite element analysis is carried out to ensure the strain signals are captured at the most critical region during road test at various conditions. Fatigue life of 2.74 × 104 to 6.07 × 105 cycle/block with mean cycle to failure of 4.32 × 106 to 7.00 × 106 cycle/block is predicted based on the cycle sequence effect using cycle-counting method. The newly modelled running-reliability technique is formulated to extract the features of high amplitude excitation obtained from the strain signals for characterising the fatigue reliability features under load sequence effect. Hence, the reliability-hazard relationship for fatigue reliability characterisation of strain-based approach in time-domain using running-reliability technique.

The Processing Propagation of Microalgae Botryococcus Sp. Cultivation in Palm Oil Mill Effluent Materials

Abdullah L., Apandi Najeeha Mohd, Sunar Norshuhaila Mohamed, Arifin S. N. H., Haron M., Nagarajah R., Cheong K., Heng C., Soon C. F., Nabiałek Marcin

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

2024

Vol. 69, iss. 3

981--986

Palm Oil Mill Effluent Materials (POME) are significantly more contaminated than municipal sewage due to their high chemical and biological oxygen demand (BOD and COD). This study examines the properties of POME wastewater under typical physical settings to track the growth conditions of microalgae, namely Botryococcus sp., in various volumes at varying POME dilutions. Begin with analyzing POME’s water quality measurements and conclude the growing conditions of microalgae. Botryococcus sp. microalgae could not flourish in diluted raw POME. However, it was well propagated in diluted anaerobic POME under adequate light and oxygen conditions. The finding shows that diluted anaerobic POME 70% is the ideal dilution for microalgae Botryococcus sp. to proliferate. Raw POME is physically described as a thick, brownish liquid with a high total solids and turbidity concentration that is contained in water. The study explores the use of Botryococcus sp. culture and propagation in POME materials for sustainable bioenergy production, highlighting the potential of microalgae for future economic benefits.