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Physicochemical Characterization and Metallic Contamination of the Waters of Oued Nfifikh (Morocco)

Merbouh Chaimaa, Kabriti Mohamed, Nahli Abdelmottalib, Rihane Abdeslam, Iounes Nadia

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 1

1--11

EN

Oued Nfifikh is a coastal stream of the Bouregreg and Chaouia watershed (Morocco). It passes through many rural and urban areas and receives different types of liquid and solid discharges from anthropogenic activities adopted along the watercourse. This study aims to evaluate the physicochemical quality of the water from the most accessible sites upstream and downstream of Oued Nfifikh, along with highlighting the impact of human activities on these waters’ quality. For this purpose, water samples were collected and analyzed within normalized methods. Statistical analysis of the collected data shows significant spatial variations (pvalue < 0.05) for pH, electrical conductivity, nitrate and chloride, and for metallic trace elements (Zn, Fe, Ba, Mn, Cr and Al). Unlike (temperature, Pb, Ni, Cu and Cd), whose values do not present statistically significant variations (pvalue > 0.05). The study of the physicochemical quality reveals that the waters at the upstream are classed as good quality, except for site (S2), located at the upstream part of the river, it is affected by human activities. Consequently, its physicochemical composition is quite similar to that of waters of poor quality at the downstream sites. The Principal Component Analysis of the results followed by the Ascending Hierarchical Classification on the same data matrix allowed to regroup the sampling sites with similar characteristics into three distinct groups. A group of highly mineralized waters, a second group dominated by elements indicating urban pollution, and a group of waters with low mineral content and low metallic contamination indicating agricultural pollution.

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Treatment of Surface Treatment Effluents by Electrocoagulation Process Using Aluminium Electrodes

Namoussi Soukaina, Merbouh Chaimaa, Kabriti Mohamed, Nahli Abdelmottalib, Naamane Ayoub, Chlaida Mohamed, Iounes Nadia

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 1

91--99

EN

The surface treatment industry generates effluents with a high load of highly toxic chemicals which must be treated under increasingly stringent regulation. The aim of this study was to treat the effluents of surface treatment unit of an aeronautical industry by the electrocoagulation process using aluminium electrodes. This process is used to study the performance to remove colloidal load, significant amount of oxidizable material and high levels of various metal elements (Cr, Fe, Zn, Cu and Al) from these effluents, under optimum conditions of pH 7, 8.6A of current intensity and 60 min of application. The electrocoagulation process was found to be effective in reducing turbidity (97.12%), COD (97.5%), SS (97.84%) and conductivity (96.82%), hexavalent chromium (99.99%), Zn (96.82%), Cu (94.3%), Iron (99.9%), Al (91.96%). The treated effluent conformed to the Moroccan standards of surface treatment discharge.

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Monitoring of Faecal Contamination and Physicochemical Variables in Surface Waters in Oued Inaouène (Upper Sebou, Morocco)

Sghiouer Fatima Ezzehra, Nahli Abdelmottalib, Bouka Hassan, Chlaida Mohamed

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 11

33--40

EN

The study aimed to evaluate the spatiotemporal variation in the physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of Oued Inaouène water in relation to urban discharges that remain the main sources of pollution in the Inaouene basin. During the period from May 2019 to March 2020, seven stations were sampled, six of which are spread along the Inaouène Oued in addition to one reference station that is less affected by urban pollution. The indicators used were: temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), turbidity and dissolved oxygen (OD), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), E coli, IE and TC. The quality data obtained were analysed using multivariate statistical methods (the CPA) and the correlation matrix. The results showed that with the exception of the OT station located upstream of urban discharges, the majority of stations downstream of urban discharges have poor quality during both wet and dry seasons, according to the Moroccan standards.