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Prawnośrodowiskowe aspekty zagospodarowania wybranych materiałów odpadowych i ich zastosowanie w budownictwie

Harat Andrzej, Biniaś Włodzimierz, Biniaś Dorota

Przegląd Budowlany

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2024

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R. 95, nr 1-2

87--91

PL

W artykule zostaną przedstawione prawnośrodowiskowe aspekty zagospodarowania wybranych materiałów odpadowych i ich wykorzystania jako składnika materiałów budowlanych. Jako przykład zostanie przestawione wtórne wykorzystanie materiałów termoplastycznych ze strumienia odpadów komunalnych lub przemysłowych. Część z tych odpadów była poddawana procesom uzdatniania i jest stosowana jako paliwo alternatywne. W proponowanym rozwiązaniu tworzywa termoplastyczne wykorzystuje się jako spoiwo do różnego rodzaju kruszyw. W wyniku formowania takich mieszanek można otrzymywać elementy infrastruktury budowlanej w postaci kostek brukowych, płytek chodnikowych itp.

EN

The article presents legal and environmental aspects of the management of selected waste materials and their use as a component of building materials. As an example, the secondary use of thermoplastic materials from the municipal or industrial waste stream will be presented. Some of this waste was subjected to treatment processes and was used as an alternative fuel. In the proposed solution, thermoplastics are used as a binder for various types of aggregates. As a result of forming such mixtures, elements of construction infrastructure can be obtained in the form of paving stones, paving tiles, etc.

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Otrzymywanie i degradacja kompozytów na bazie polilaktydu i paździerzy konopnych modyfikowanych stearyną

Biniaś Dorota, Drabek Weronika

Polish Journal of Materials and Environmental Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 7 (27)

63--73

EN

As a result of the work carried out, composites were obtained whose matrix was polylactide (PLA) and the filler was hemp shives with the addition of stearin. Using a heating press, composites with different shares of both PLA and hemp shives were obtained. The amount of stearin was always 15% in relation to the mass of hemp shives used. Samples were prepared from the obtained composites to test the biodegradation process, which were measured and weighed. The biodegradation process was carried out in the environment, placing the appropriately prepared batches of composites in compost derived from grass. Samples were taken at monthly intervals to analyze changes in mass and thickness and morphological assessment. The degradation process of the obtained composites was carried out for 3 months. The mass of the samples after the first month of biodegradation did not change significantly, however, with the biodegradation time, the masses of the tested composite samples decrease. The thickness of composite samples after the first month of biodegradation increased in relation to the initial value, which may be caused by the adsorption of water from the substrate. However, after three months of biodegradation, a decrease in thickness was observed for all samples in comparison to the initial value. Analysis of the surface morphology of the composite samples carried out using a stereoscopic microscope and a scanning electron microscope confirmed the biodegradation process for the obtained composites. Stearin, which is a mixture of fatty acids, used as a composite modifying additive turned out to be a nutrient for microorganisms present in the compost, which accelerated the decomposition of the samples. As a result of the conducted research, it can be stated that the obtained composite has properties that support ecological processing, which is in line with the assumptions of a circular economy.

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Formowanie materiałów chitynowych przy zastosowaniu elektroprzędzenia

Biniaś Dorota, Biernat Anna

Polish Journal of Materials and Environmental Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 2 (22)

15--23

EN

As part of the research, chitin materials were obtained using the electrospinning method. For this purpose, chitin solutions were prepared in phosphoric acid and lithium chloride in an am-ide solvent. The coagulation of chitin materials was performed in alkaline water baths and in distilled water. As a result of the method, microspheres and microfibers of chitin were ob-tained. The morphological structure of the obtained materials was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an optical microscope. The obtained microspheres were characterized by a similar diameter value, amounting to 195 μm. In contrast, chitin microfi-bers from 90 to 150 μm. The obtained materials were subjected to mid-infrared and Raman spectrophotometric tests in order to determine the influence of the solvents used on the chemical structure of native and regenerated chitin. Infrared spectroscopy studies confirmed no changes in the chemical structure of regenerated chitin. Raman spectroscopy studies confirmed no degradation of regenerated chitin. In the spectra obtained, differences were observed in the form of changes in the shape of the bands for oscillators be associated in in-termolecular interactions, which is caused by changes in the supermolecular structure.