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New data on the age of the sedimentary infill of the Orava-Nowy Targ Basin : a case study of the Bystry Stream succession (Middle/Upper Miocene, Western Carpathians)

Wysocka A., Łoziński M., Śmigielski M., Czarniecka U., Bojanowski M.

Geological Quarterly

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2018

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Vol. 62, No. 2

327--343

EN

The Neogene sedimentary succession of the Orava-Nowy Targ Basin directly overlies the Central Carpathian Paleogene Basin deposits, the Magura Unit, and the Pieniny Klippen Belt. It provides an excellent geological record that postdates the main Mesoalpine structural and geomorphological processes in the Western Carpathians. Sedimentological, petrographical and geochronological investigations have allowed forthe re-examination of pyroclastic material, zircon dating, and a discussion on the relation of the Orava-Nowy Targ Basin to the exhumation of the Tatra Massif. The Bystry Stream succession is composed of NNW-inclined freshwater siltstones, sandstones and conglomerates. A few small, sometimes discontinuous, light grey intercalations of pyroclastic deposits and a single 1-2 m thick tuffite layer occur in the upper part of the succession. The tuffite contains an admixture of organic matter and siliciclastic grains (e.g., mica), suggesting that the volcanic ash fall was accompanied by normal deposition from weak currents. Sedimentation of deposits of the Bystry Stream succession took place in terrestrial settings, predominantly on floodplains and in rivers, in the vicinity of a hilly area supplying the basin with eroded material. The age of the tuffite layer from the Bystry Stream succession was determined at 11.87 +0.12/-0.24 Ma. The source of volcanogenic material in the tuffite was probably volcanic activity in the Inner Carpathians-Pannonian region, where effusive and volcanoclastic sillca-rich rocks were being produced by extrusive and explosive activity ~12 Ma. Obtained result connects the development of the Orava-Nowy Targ Basin at ~12 Ma with the late stage of the main episode of the Tatra Massif exhumation between ~22-10 Ma.

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Impact of the forest succession on efficiency of the arable land production

Gniadek J., Pijanowski J. M., Śmigielski M.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2017

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no. 34

131--138

EN

The paper presents the studies involving analysis of changes in shape of parcels of arable land under the influence of forest succession. The object of the research is the village Grębosze located in Świętokrzyskie voivodeship. The study material will cover all arable land existing in the studied village. The source of data were numerical registry maps from 1998 and 2013. The basic element of research, enabling comparison of changes in the efficiency of the production process are continuous parts of the parcels covered by one form of use. In the course of the output data processing and determination of the necessary technical parameters for the tested surface elements, the specialized tools and statistics were used. The studies were related to the evaluation of formation of these surface structures on the basis of their shape meter in the form of the so-called costs of cultivation. The obtained results make it possible to tell, to what extent the changes resulting from the consequences of the secondary forest succession influence the process of cultivation of neighbouring arable land.

PL

W pracy przedstawione zostały badania obejmujące analizę zmian ukształtowania parcel na gruntach ornych pod wpływem sukcesji leśnej. Obiektem badań jest sołectwo Grębosze położone w województwie świętokrzyskim. Materiał badawczy obejmie wszystkie grunty orne występujące w badanej wsi. Źródłem danych były numeryczne mapy ewidencyjne z lat 1998 i 2013. Podstawowym elementem badań, umożliwiającym porównanie zmian efektywności procesu produkcyjnego są ciągłe części działek ewidencyjnych objęte jedną formą użytkowania. W procesie przetworzenia danych wyjściowych oraz określenia niezbędnych parametrów technicznych badanych elementów powierzchniowych zastosowano specjalistyczne narzędzia informatyczne i statystyczne. Szczegółowe badania dotyczą oceny ukształtowania wspomnianych struktur powierzchniowych na bazie miernika ich ukształtowania w postaci tzw. kosztów uprawowych. Uzyskany wynik umożliwia stwierdzenie, w jakim stopniu zmiany wynikające z następstw wtórnej sukcesji leśnej wpływają na proces uprawy sąsiednich gruntów ornych.

3

Mnin restraining stepover – evidence of significant Cretaceous–Cenozoic dextral strike-slip faulting along the Teisseyre-Tornquist Zone?

Konon A., Ostrowski S., Rybak-Ostrowska B., Ludwiniak M., Śmigielski M., Wyglądała M., Uroda J., Kowalczyk S., Mieszkowski R., Kłopotowska A.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2016

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Vol. 66, no. 3

429--449

EN

A newly recognized Mnin restraining stepover is identified in the Permo-Mesozoic cover of the western part of the Late Palaeozoic Holy Cross Mountains Fold Belt (Poland), within a fault pattern consisting of dextral strikeslip faults. The formation of a large contractional structure at the Late Cretaceous – Cenozoic transition displays the significant role of strike-slip faulting along the western border of the Teisseyre-Tornquist Zone, in the foreland of the Polish part of the Carpathian Orogen. Theoretical relationships between the maximum fault offsets/ mean step length, as well as between the maximum fault offsets/mean step width allowed the estimation of the values of possible offsets along the Snochowice and Mieczyn faults forming the Mnin stepover. The estimated values suggest displacements of as much as several tens of kilometres. The observed offset along the Tokarnia Fault and theoretical calculations suggest that the strike-slip faults west of the Late Palaeozoic Holy Cross Mountains Fold Belt belong to a large strike-slip fault system. We postulate that the observed significant refraction of the faults forming the anastomosing fault pattern is related also to the interaction of the NW-SE-striking faults formed along the western border of the Teisseyre-Tornquist Zone and the reactivated WNW-ESE-striking faults belonging to the fault systems of the northern margin of the Tethys Ocean.

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Structure and evolution of the Carpathian thrust front between Tarnów and Pilzno (Pogórska Wola area, southern Poland) : results of integrated analysis of seismic and well data

Krzywiec P., Oszczypko N., Bukowski K., Oszczypko-Clowes M., Śmigielski M., Stuart F. M., Persano C., Sinclair H. D.

Geological Quarterly

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2014

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Vol. 58, No. 3

409--426

EN

Seismic data and core from the shallow cartographic Pilzno P-7 borehole were used to construct a new model of the Carpathian orogenic front between Tarnów and Pilzno, in the Pogórska Wola area (southern Poland). The most external, frontal thrust of the orogenic wedge (the Jaśniny structure) was identified as a syn-depositional fault-propagation fold de- tached above the Upper Badenian evaporites. Its formation was controlled by the presence of mechanically weak foredeep evaporites and by the morphology of the sub-Miocene Meso-Paleozoic foreland plate (Jaśniny and Pogórska Wola palaeovalleys). The frontal zone of the Carpathian orogenic wedge (the Skole thrust sheet and the deformed foredeep deposits of the Zgłobice thrust sheet) is characterized by significant backthrusting of the foredeep succession towards the south, and by the presence of a triangle zone, with strongly deformed Upper Badenian evaporites of the Wieliczka Formation in its core. The triangle zone was formed during the latest thrusting movements of the Carpathians. An indication of the existence of the triangle zone in the vicinity of Dębica has also been provided by reinterpretation of the archive regional geological cross-section. The youngest foredeep deposits, brought to the surface above the backthrust, have been dated as Sarmatian (NN7 nannoplankton zone), which indicates that the latest thrust movements within the frontal Carpathian orogenic in the vicinity of Tarnów-Dębica took place approx. 11-10 million years ago. Thermochronological studies (AFT and AHe) indicated that the foredeep succession drilled by the Pilzno P-7 borehole has not been buried deeper than 1.5-2 km, which is compatible with reconstruction based on the seismic data.

5

Tectonics of the Chęciny Anticline (Holy Cross Mts., central Poland) in the light of new cartographic data and calcite vein analysis (discussion)

Mastella L., Konon A., Dwornik M., Ludwiniak M., Rybak-Ostrowska B., Śmigielski M.

Geological Quarterly

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2013

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Vol. 57, No. 1

175–-180

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Digital Concentration-Distribution Models - tools for a describing heterogeneity of the hybridized magmatic mass as reflected in elemental concentration of growing crystal

Śmigielski M., Słaby E., Domonik A.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2012

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Vol. 62, no. 1

129-141

EN

Raster digital models (digital concentration-distribution models - DC-DMs) as interpolations of geochemical data are proposed as a new tool to depict the crystal growth mechanism in a magmatic environment. The Natural Neighbour method is proposed for interpolation of Electron Microprobe Analysis (EMPA) data; the Natural Neighbour method and Kriging method are proposed for interpolating data collected by the LA-ICP-MS method. The crystal growth texture was analysed with the application of DC-DM derivatives: 3D surface models, shaded relief images, aspect and slope maps. The magmatic mass properties were depicted with the application of solid models. Correlation between the distributions of two elements on a single crystal transect was made by operations on the obtained raster DC-DMs. The methodology presented is a universal one but it seems to be significant for the depiction of magma mixing processes and the heterogeneity of the magmatic mass.

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Określanie parametrów wektora przemieszczenia uskoku na podstawie rozsunięcia biegowego

Śmigielski M., Koprianiuk M., Konon A.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2011

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Vol. 59, nr 1

74-81

EN

A theoretical method is proposed for determining the relation between the potential dip-slip and strike-slip of the fault. This method is based on strike separation and allows for estimating the minimal displacement value along the fault for its sector where the strike separation was measured. Moreover, the value of total slip for different scenarios of the fault movement can be estimated using this method. Such assessments can be very useful in disproving hypotheses by comparing the obtained total slip values with geological data. The usability of this method is shown at the example of analysis of displacements along the Łysogóry Fault in the Holy Cross Mts.

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The Hurst exponent as a tool for the description of magma field heterogeneity reflected in the geochemistry of growing crystals

Domonik A., Słaby E., Śmigielski M.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2010

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Vol. 60, no. 3

437-443

EN

Trace element behaviour during crystallization of three alkali feldspar crystals of mixed origin was investigated. The first crystal (gm1) was growing under an intensive magma mixing regime in an active region of an inhomogeneous magmatic field. The second crystal (ref) was growing in a coherent region of this field and the third one (gm2) was growing under moderate progress in magma mixing, with the process being close to completion. The Hurst exponent (H) was used as a tool for the description of the local heterogeneities of the magma field during the mixing process. Values of H were calculated for compatible trace element patterns along each traverse for each crystal. The gm1 crystal is strongly zoned. The value of the Hurst exponent (H) for zones reflecting intensive chemical mixing varies between 0.06 and 0.47. It emphasizes strong anti-persistent behaviour of elements during crystallization. The zones that grew in a slightly contaminated felsic magma exhibit H > 0.5. It means that the process goes over a longer path than a random walk and shows increasing persistence in element behaviour with decreasing hybridization. Similarly, zones crystallized in magma regions compositionally located close to coherent characteristic or in active domains featuring a high homogenization (crystals gm2, ref) show higher H values.

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DEM-based structural mapping : examples from the Holy Cross Mountains and the Outer Carpathians, Poland

Konon A., Śmigielski M.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2006

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Vol. 56, no. 1

1-16

EN

The study of the Earth's surface using DEM-generated products combined with geological maps or satellite and aerial photographs provides information that is very useful for structural analysis. Applications of shaded-relief images, slope, openness, and aspect maps, 3D terrain views, profiling, contouring and semiautomatic intersections to selected parts of the Holy Cross Mountains and the Bieszczady Mountains are shown. The analysis led to the discovery of transverse faults in both fold and thrust belts, determination of the components of movement along these faults and the courses of the Lysogory fault zone and the Dukla thrust fault. The application of these methods also enabled the display of changes in shape profiles of map-scale folds such as the Niewachlów anticline and the Baligród syncline.

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Odtwarzanie geologicznych parametrów strukturalnych z dużych zbiorów danych

Śmigielski M.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2003

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Vol. 51, nr 8

673-677

PL

Przywracanie powierzchni geologicznych do pierwotnego położenia jest istotnym elementem analizy strukturalnej. Gdy analizie poddawane są duże zbiory danych zachodzi potrzeba łatwego i szybkiego dokonywania odpowiednich przekształceń geometrycznych. W tym celu wykorzystuje się programy komputerowe. Wadą dostępnego oprogramowania jest jednak to, że nie wymienia ono w sposób bezpośredni danych z popularnymi bazami danych i arkuszami kalkulacyjnymi. Skłoniło to autora do stworzenia programu, który współpracuje z arkuszem kalkulacyjnym Microsoft Excel i umożliwia obrót płaszczyzn. Jego działanie przedstawiono na przykładzie przywracania osi fałdów i warstw do pozycji pierwotnej w analizie położenia powierzchni ciosowych oraz odtwarzania kierunków paleoprądów.

EN

Back tilting of geological surfaces to their original positions is an important element of structural analysis. When large amount of data is analysed, such geometrical transformations should be performed quickly and efficiently. Computers are used for this purpose, but existing software does not exchange data with popular databases nor spreadsheets. This led the author to create a computer program that works with Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and enables planes' rotation. Functionality of this software is demonstrated using an example of fold plunge- and bedding-correction in analysis of joints surface 's original position and reconstruction of paleocurrents 'directions.