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Attributes of cyber conflict in the context of armed conflict : an outline of the problem

Szyłkowska Monika

Przegląd Nauk o Obronności

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2021

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R. 6, Nr 11

134--154

EN

Objectives: This article explains the concepts of cyber conflict attributes in relation to the classical attributes of armed conflicts. Problems related to the study of the causes of armed conflicts and wars, forms of their conduct, ending and ways of their resolution. This paper outlines selected definitions of conflict and war that have formed the basis of analysis for the attributes of cyber conflict - in particular the attributes of: nature, forms, sources, complexity, and the difficulty of uniquely identifying the "aggressor" if the attack is not "overt". Methods: Statistical analysis, document analysis. Results: The characteristics of a cyber conflict are, in particular: no certain identification of the aggressor, no possibility of an official declaration of war or official defense and retaliation. Conclusions: The key determinant of defense - should be digital and electromagnetic offensive measures. Security threats and more frequent attacks in broadly defined cyberspace have unquestionably become the challenge of today’s world - consisting of alliances, which the sum of security being the security levels of individual members and their defense capabilities. However only the level of commitment and cooperation can contribute to the achievement of a common goal, defined by the Alliance - including, above all, the elaboration of common, acceptable by all members - „modern” solutions. However, the common defense and deterrence potential equipped with real, though digital, both offensive and defensive resources would allow practical implementation of the challenge for art.

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Ignorantia iuris nocet Principle in selected Polish legal regulations – outline of the problem

Szyłkowska Monika

Safety & Defense

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2019

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2

35--40

EN

This article presents reflection made in the field of Roman legal thought in selected Polish legal regulations with potential impact on the functioning of the individual. The universal form of the principle – regardless of the legal system – implies a potential threat to the functioning of the individual in the form of uncertainty. The purpose of this publication is to indicate the need to update legal regulations regarding the indicated matter – in particular – in the form of an obligatory examination for the courts of the statute of limitations in a situation where a natural person is a party to the proceedings. Accurate provisions of the Code of Administrative Procedure, Code of Civil Procedure and selected court sentences were presented. In the research process, was made extensive use of qualitative research methods, including in the form of analyses (e.g.: legal and institutional analysis, comparative analysis, system nalysis and methods: analysis and logical construction), generalization and implication. In turn, among quantitative research methods, intensively was used statistical analysisand a diagnostic sounding survey. In addition to the literature analysis – important support of the research process was the examination of documents (including provisions of national law) and available sources of knowledge about the problems studied. The source material included both open access and published studies in specialist journals. At this stage of the research, have been analysed the applicable legal regulations and selected sentences of Polish Courts. The mentioned above, empirical methods included the following: a diagnostic sounding survey – conducted in the form of surveys using the CAWI technique. The empirical stage of the research also consisted in the assessment of the legal status. The cognitive and utilitarian premises of the problems are the implementation of the adopted hypothesis: Ignorantia iuris nocetPrinciple in connection with numerous amendments to regulations may have negative consequences for the functioning of the individual.

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Wybrane problemy logistyki międzynarodowej - systemy informatyczne w międzynarodowych łańcuchach dostaw

Polak Roman, Szyłkowska Monika

Systemy Logistyczne Wojsk

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2015

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Vol. 43, no. 2

170--186

PL

Artykuł przedstawia uwarunkowania związane z powstaniem i rozwojem stosunkowo nowego obszaru wiedzy i biznesu, jaką jest logistyka międzynarodowa, która - jako przedmiot pod tą samą - zawiera się w aktualnej ofercie dydaktycznej Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej, dla studentów na kierunku logistyka. Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia część rozważań w zakresie wybranych problemów logistyki międzynarodowej, które tym samym stanowią jego cel mianowicie: organizację międzynarodowych łańcuchów dostaw, systemy informacyjne oraz zintegrowane systemy informatyczne wspomagające logistykę międzynarodową.

EN

The article presents the conditions related to the creation and development of a relatively new field of knowledge and business, which is the international logistics. Subject as international logistics is in the current teaching offers WAT, for students majoring in logistics. This article presents some considerations in selected international logistics problems namely the organization of international supply chains , information systems and integrated systems supporting international logistics.

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Wybrane problemy logistyki międzynarodowej – międzynarodowe systemy logistyczne

Polak Roman, Szyłkowska Monika

Systemy Logistyczne Wojsk

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2015

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Vol. 42, no. 1

143--157

PL

W artykule przedstawiono uwarunkowania związane z powstaniem i rozwojem stosunkowo nowego obszaru wiedzy i biznesu, jakim jest logistyka międzynarodowa, która – jako przedmiot pod tą samą nazwą – znajduje się w aktualnej ofercie dydaktycznej Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej, dla studentów na kierunku logistyka. Niniejszy artykuł zawiera rozważania w zakresie wybranych problemów logistyki międzynarodowej w obszarze międzynarodowych systemów logistycznych, co tym samym stanowi jego cel. Przedstawione zostały zasady i etapy tworzenia międzynarodowych systemów logistycznych oraz zagadnienia związane z integracją międzynarodowego rynku towarów i usług. Przedstawione zostały także zasady i etapy tworzenia międzynarodowych systemów logistycznych. Artykuł stanowi trzecią w kolejności publikację prezentującą problematykę logistyki międzynarodowej w zakresie obowiązującym w WAT.

EN

The article presents the conditions related to the creation and development of a relatively new field of knowledge and business, which is the international logistics. Subject as international logistics is in the current teaching offers WAT, for students majoring in logistics. This article includes a discussion on selected international logistics problems in the field of international logistics systems, and thus is an objective consideration. Presents the principles and stages of development of international logistics systems and issues related to the integration of the international market for goods and services. Also presents the principles and stages of development of international logistics systems. The article is the third in order of publication presenting issues in the field of international logistics force in WAT.