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1

Energooszczędne murowane budynki wykonane z ABK

Schoch T.

Cement Wapno Beton

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2017

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R. 21/83, nr 5

381--398

PL

Zgodnie z ogólnymi kierunkami zmierzającymi do poprawy zużycia energii w budynkach o masywnej konstrukcji wiele takich budynków zaprojektowano i zbudowano w ostatnich latach, które pomogły wyznaczyć przyszłe standardy w budownictwie w Europie. Zgodnie z danymi literaturowymi pierwszy budynek o małym zużyciu energii został zbudowany w Kassel w 1986 roku, zapewniający jednostkowe zużycie energii na ogrzewanie budynku i wody nie przekraczające 60 kWh/(m2a). Stosowanie masywnych materiałów budowlanych o małym przewodnictwie cieplnym odgrywało także ważną rolę w stosowaniu materiałów o dobrej izolacyjności cieplnej, które wykorzystują źródła odnawialnej energii. Stosowanie prostych elementów budowlanych w celu uniknięcia mostków cieplnych, a także pomyłek konstrukcyjnych nawet przez niedoświadczonych pracowników, jest w dalszym ciągu ważną potrzebą praktyczną. W oparciu o szereg przykładów w artykule wykazano, że konstrukcje monolityczne są odpowiednie do zachowania obowiązujących obecnie wymagań w zakresie energii i w jaki sposób może to być osiągnięte.

EN

In line with the general trend to improved energy-related properties of buildings in massive construction, many massive buildings have been designed and built in recent years, which have proactively observed and helped to determine the specification of future building standards in Europe. According to Institut für Wohnen und Umwelt GmbH, the first low-energy house was built in Kassel in 1986 with an area-related energy demand for hot water and heating of only 60 kWh/(m2a). The use of massive building materials with low thermal conductivity played a similarly important role in this case to the increasing use of thermal insulation materials and new building services technology using renewable energy sources. Keeping the constructional details simple to build by tradesmen in order to avoid thermal bridging and useless building mistakes was and is still an important practical requirement. With the help of examples, the article demonstrates that monolithic construction is suitable for compliance with current energy-related requirements and how this is carried out.

2

Wpływ wilgotności na przewodność cieplną ABK

Schoch T., Kreft O.

Materiały Budowlane

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2012

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nr 6

46-48

3

The influence of moisture on the thermal conductivity of AAC

Schoch T., Kreft O.

Cement Wapno Beton

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2011

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nr spec.

44-48

EN

In recent years, questions emerged about how high level moisture contents might affect heat technical properties of building materials. Yet, existing standards and scientific publications, respectively, do not provide conclusive insights into the area of high rated moisture, since they are valid for the equilibrium moisture area only. Taking instructions of calculation according to harmonized European standards (EN ISO 10456, DIN EN 1745) as a basis, typical moisture contents of freshly produced AAC would theoretically involve immense surcharges on A, which would drastically affect thermal conductivities and, in turn, increase heating costs. Moreover, increasing risks of mould formation and other damages would be expected. Our experiments clearly demonstrate that actual increases in Gamma at production moisture levels are far below values stated in the European standards. In addition to this fundamental perception recent investigations have shown that the surcharge of moisture content under typical condition of AAC use in buildings the moisture conversion factor Fm is not higher than 5%. In several investigations a lower value for Fm have been found and can be used in the future for starting points of further investigations and tests.

4

Pore size distribution effects on the thermal conductivity of light weight autoclaved aerated concrete

Kreft O., Hausmann J., Hubalkova J., Aneziris C. G., Straube B., Schoch T.

Cement Wapno Beton

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2011

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nr spec.

49-52

EN

Aim of the present study was to correlate thermal conductivities of highly porous autoclaved aerated concrete (apparent density < 100 kg/m3) with appendant micro- and nano-structural properties. AAC specimens with approximate apparent densities, but different pore size distributions were fabricated through utilizing specially selected, surface active additives when preparing the slurry of raw materials, aluminum and water. The main focus of this study is on the quantitative analysis of size and morphology of both pores and solid skeleton by 3D X-ray tomography (CT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, specific surface areas and pore size distributions were determined by the methods of gas adsorption and mercury porosimetry. Apparent thermal conductivities depend on the number of pores, pore size distributions and thicknesses of the separating walls of the solid skeleton. The present study provides further inside in the mechanisms of heat transfer in light weight autoclaved aerated concrete.