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2 2024

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Evaluation of Soil Potassium Using Miniaturized Electrochemical Sensors

Benslimane Oumayma, Rabie Reda, Diane Abderrahim, Bensaleh Mouad, Saidi Ouadi, Bouzida Ilham, El-Hajjaji Souad

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2024

Vol. 25, iss. 10

206--215

Farmers aim to increase the yield of their crops by reducing their expenses. This prompts farmers to resort to smart farming practices. These practices facilitate the measurement and detection of nutrients in soil to maximize harvest with a low-cost sensor employing electrochemical and optical techniques. Potassium is a crucial macronutrient for the growth of plants. The excess or need for potassium in the soil can pose a risk to plants and the environment. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct soil monitoring to determine the quantity of soil fertilizer. ISFETs are among the most affordable and miniaturized sensors and are specific to one target ion. Although it is not time-consuming and requires an immediate response, the ISFET requires special calibration and sample preparation. This study tested ISFET on Moroccan soil potassium using a new technique of minimal sample preparation without needing a laboratory machine to extract soil using distilled water. The results indicate that the microsensor ISFET provided accurate results on solutions prepared in the laboratory with a correlation factor of 90%, and R2) greater than 80% when estimating potassium levels in soil extracts. ISFET can therefore be used as an alternative method for potassium estimation.

Developing Organic Fertilizer Through Co-Composting Olive Mill Wastewater

El-Joumri Loubna, Labjar Najoua, Zouahri Abdelmajid, Benali Aouatif, Halima Oumaima Iben, Dhiba Driss, El-Yadini Meryem, El-Hajjaji Souad

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2024

Vol. 25, iss. 8

79--88

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of olive mill wastewater (OMW) as an organic fertilizer through co-composting with various agricultural by-products. OMW was mixed with agricultural by-products, including maize silage, sugar beet pulp, and sugarcane bagasse, in controlled proportions and conditions. The study was conducted at the National Institute of Agricultural Research in Rabat, Morocco. The composting process was monitored over time, focusing on the evolution of key physicochemical parameters and phenol content of each mixture. The results showed that the performance of the composts varied, with the mixture containing sugar beet pulp (SBPO) exhibiting the most promising results, followed by maize silage (MSO) and sugarcane bagasse (SBO). These results suggest that co-composting OMW with agricultural by-products can produce high-quality organic fertilizers, thus reducing the need for inorganic alternatives and providing a sustainable waste management solution in the olive oil industry. It highlights the potential for reducing phenols characteristic of OMW and promoting sustainable agricultural practices. The application of the composts to crops was not tested, highlighting the need for further research in this regard. Future investigations should focus on evaluating the long-term effects of OMW-derived composts on soil health and crop productivity. This study explored a combination of materials that, to the authors’ knowledge, has not been previously documented in scientific literature. The results underscore the importance of sustainable waste management practices and their potential role in improving soil fertility and reducing the environmental impact associated with olive oil production.