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1
Content available Determining the Efficiency of Reverse Osmosis in the Purification of Water from Phosphates
Gomelya Mykola, Shabliy Tetyana, Radovenchyk Iaroslav, Vakulenko Anna
Journal of Ecological Engineering
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2023
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Vol. 24, nr 2
238--246
EN
Processes of water purification from phosphates using a low-pressure reverse osmosis membrane were studied. It was shown that the concentration of phosphates in the permeate largely depends on their initial concentration in the water and increases along with the degree of permeate selection. It was established that when using the Filmtec TW3–1812–50 membrane for phosphate concentrations up to 20 mg/dm3, their concentration in the permeate does not exceed 2.5 mg/dm3 with a degree of permeate selection up to 90% when cleaning solutions in distilled and artesian water. This value is below the permissible level for drinking water. When the concentration of phosphates increases to 100 and 1000 mg/dm3, their content in the permeate increases sharply to the values significantly higher than the permissible level in both drinking and wastewater. When sodium orthophosphate was added to artesian water, the effectiveness of its purification on this membrane with respect to chlorides, sulfates, hardness ions, and hydrocarbons was high. This indicates that the cartridges with these membranes can be used both in industrial installations and in households for further purification of artesian and tap water to drinking water quality.
2
Content available Removal of Iron Compounds from Mechanical Filters of Household Reverse Osmosis Systems Water Purification
Radovenchyk Iaroslav, Ivanenko Olena, Karpenko Victorivna Margaryta, Radovenchyk Vyacheslav
Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology
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2023
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Vol. 24, iss. 6
163--172
EN
Today, the most convenient and widespread option for cleaning and purifying drinking water is to install reverse osmosis systems directly at the water intake points. When operating reverse osmosis systems, most owners are not concerned about the negative consequences of using such systems. After 3–6 months of using mechanical filters in the first stage of water treatment, such filters are thrown out together with other household waste. They pose a significant threat to the environment. Currently, companies in Ukraine would not collect and dispose of such filters. This direction is undeveloped. There are no corresponding data in the scientific literature. According to authors’ calculations, about 20,000 household reverse osmosis systems are operated per 1 million people today, so it is easy to calculate that 44,000 cartridges with a total polypropylene volume of 26 m3 enter the environment during the year. It is difficult to imagine the real environmental damage from the cartridges of even one city. Therefore, the regeneration of mechanical filters of reverse osmosis systems is quite relevant and essential today. This work aimed to develop an environmentally safe technology for regenerating mechanical filters with the possibility of repeated use. Filter lifespan can be prolonged by special cleaning with sulfuric acid with a fixed pH level. This article highlights the research results on the regeneration the mechanical filters, describes the characteristics of the cleaning process using sulfuric acid and shows the options for environmentally safe waste processing from such regeneration.
3
Content available Application of Low-Pressure Reverse Osmosis Membranes for Drinking Water Softening
Gomelya Mykola, Shabliy Tetyana, Radovenchyk Iaroslav, Vakulenko Anna
Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology
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2023
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Vol. 24, iss. 5
154--162
EN
The processes of water purification with increasing selection of permeate were studied, considering selectivity and productivity of membranes, dynamics of changes of contents of components in the concentrate. It is shown that when chlorides and sulfates are removed from water, the increase in their content in the concentrate does not differ practically from the measured and calculated values. At the same time, the nature of dependences on the change in hardness, concentration of calcium and magnesium ions, alkalinity obtained experimentally differ significantly from the dependences obtained by theoretical calculations at permeate selection levels of > 70%. А significant difference in the determined and calculated concentrations of hardness ions in the concentrates was observed after hardness values greater than 30–40 mg-eq/dm3. This indicates the partial removal of hardness ions and carbonates from the concentrates, which may be the reason for the formation of deposits on the membrane. Permissible values of the degree of permeate selection were determined, at which there is no intense deposition of carbonates and hydroxides of hardness ions on the membrane. With the initial water hardness > 8 mg-eq/dm3, the degree of permeate selection could reach 60–70% without the risk of sedimentation on the membrane. Effectiveness of the low-pressure reverse osmosis membrane in the purification of mine water with an increased level of mineralization and hardness was determined. A significant difference between the determined and calculated hardness in concentration was observed already at the degree of permeate selection of 22–33%.
4
Content available Innovative Method for Water Deiron Ions Using Capillary Material
Trus Inna, Radovenchyk Iaroslav, Halysh Vita, Chuprinov Evhen, Benatov Daniel, Hlushko Olena, Sirenko Ludmila
Journal of Ecological Engineering
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2022
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Vol. 23, nr 3
174--182
EN
Among all known inorganic pollutants of wastewater and natural water that adversely affect water bodies, different living organisms and human beings, iron compounds are the most common. Before discharging the wastewater into water bodies, it is important to remove iron ions from wastewater. The application of capillary materials in water and wastewater treatment is a promising direction of ecology and technology. The capillary properties of materials allow the development of quite simple, autonomous, highly efficient and energy-saving systems for water purification. The aim of the present paper was the investigation of the influence of the basic conditions of the filtration process with the application of capillary materia on the efficiency of iron ions removal. The initial concentration of the model solution, pH and temperature of the filtration process, as well as the contact area of the liquid phase with oxygen of the air were studied. The proposed method is appropriate for the treatment of water in the concentration range from 5 to 10 mg/dm3 with an optimum pH in the range of 4–7. The experimental data showed high efficiency of capillary materials application, providing sufficient removal of iron ions from low concentrated solutions, compared to the traditional method of precipitation. The main advantage of the capillary materials is the simplicity of their application, quite high degree of purification and there no need to consume electricity or additional reagents, which allows creating autonomous water treatment facilities and plants.
5
Content available Purification of Mine Waters Using Lime and Aluminum Hydroxochloride
Trus Inna, Gomelya Mukola, Tverdokhlib Mariia, Halysh Vita, Radovenchyk Iaroslav, Benatov Daniel
Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology
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2022
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Vol. 23, iss. 5
169--176
EN
Analysis of the scientific and technical literature shows that there are quite a few methods of mine water processing. Reagent methods can be considered as the most promising and economically expedient. Mine waters are characterized by a high content of hardness ions and sulfates. The concentration of sulfates varies between 5–35 mg-eq/dm3, hardness – 10–40 mg-eq/dm3. It has been established that effective purification of water from sulfates can be achieved with the use of lime and 5/6 aluminum hydroxochloride. The efficiency of the process depends on the doses and ratio of reagents. The degree of softening and purification of water from sulfates increases with an increase in the dose of aluminum coagulant within certain limits. When using 5/6 aluminum hydroxochloride, the efficiency of water purification from sulfates is quite high and small amounts of chlorides are introduced into the water with the coagulant.
6
Content available Evaluation of Optimal Conditions for the Application of Capillary Materials for the Purpose of Water Deironing
Radovenchyk Iaroslav, Trus Inna, Halysh Vita, Krysenko Tamara, Chuprinov Evhen, Ivanchenko Anna
Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology
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2021
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Vol. 22, iss. 2
1--7
EN
Iron is one of the most common components in water that adversely affect humans, other living organisms and parameters of water bodies. Therefore, during using and consuming natural waters, and discharging sewage into surface water bodies, it is necessary to remove iron compounds from the aquatic environment. The use of capillary materials in water purification processes is a promising area of research. Experimental data proved the high efficiency of capillary materials application, providing higher efficiency of iron ions removal from model solutions for real water sources of different origin compared with the traditional method of settling. The main advantage of the application of materials with capillary properties is the simplicity of implementation of the method and there is no need to use electricity and any additional reagents. The effect of various factors on the process of water deironing with the application of capillary materials was studied. It was found out that the density has a little effect on the process at an iron concentration range from 1 to 5 mg/dm3 . The increase in competing ions content intensifies the process of divalent ferrous ions transition to trivalent. During the deironing of artesian water, the degree of iron removal exceeded 90 %, while the residual concentration was below the MPC.
7
Content available Spent Biosorbents as Additives in Cement Production
Halysh Vita, Trus Inna, Nikolaichuk Alina, Skiba Margarita, Radovenchyk Iaroslav, Deykun Iryna, Vorobyova Viсtoria, Vasylenko Inna, Sirenko Ludmila
Journal of Ecological Engineering
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2020
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Vol. 21, nr 2
131--138
EN
The research is related to solving the problem of rational use of materials and to the creation of resource-saving technologies for the protection of the environment from pollution. Sorption technologies are quite effective in wastewater treatment, but most sorbents are quite expensive, and their regeneration raises the question of recycling of spent solutions. The cheapness and availability of raw material base of biosorbents makes these technologies attractive for wastewater treatment. The research is aimed at investigation of the ways to effectively utilize the spent sorbents, which are obtained after water purification, in the production of building materials. The obtained results allow creating a complex low-waste technology of water demineralization and purification from heavy metal ions.
8
Content available Innovative Approach in Creation of Integrated Technology of Desalination of Mineralized Water
Trus Inna, Radovenchyk Iaroslav, Halysh Vita, Skiba Margarita, Vasylenko Inna, Vorobyova Viсtoria, Hlushko Olena, Sirenko Ludmila
Journal of Ecological Engineering
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2019
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Vol. 20, nr 8
107--113
EN
In this study, the optimum parameters of membrane desalinization of model solutions were determined and the required efficiency was achieved. Methods for stabilizing treatment of water before barometric desalination were developed to improve the efficiency of membranes. Methods of reagent processing of concentrates after barometric water were proposed to create a low-waste technologies for demineralization of water. It was shown that the precipitate can be used as an additive for cements and a sulfate activator for slag-portland cement.
9
Content available Estimation of the Efficiency of Ammonia Oxidation in Anolyte of Two-Chamber Electrolyzer
Gomelya Mykola, Shabliy Tetyana, Radovenchyk Iaroslav, Overchenko Tetyana, Halysh Vita
Journal of Ecological Engineering
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2019
|
Vol. 20, nr 5
121--129
EN
In this study, the processes of electrochemical oxidation of ammonia in a two-chamber electrolyzer with anion exchange membrane MA-41 were investigated. An estimation of the efficiency of the process of oxidation of ammonia, depending on the chemical composition of the initial solution of anolyte and catholyte, current density and time of electrolysis was carried out. It was shown that the oxidation of ammonia in the anode chamber passes quickly and is accompanied by a significant decrease in pH due to the formation of nitrogen dioxide and nitrates. At the same time, the current output and the electrical conductivity of the dilute solutions was rather low. The effect of chlorides on the process of electrolysis was investigated. It was shown that the presence of chlorides in the anolyte catalyzes the processes of oxidation of ammonia. An increase in the concentration of chlorides in the anolyte increases output and reduces electricity consumption. The presence of chlorides in the catholyte does not accelerate oxidation. The presence of sulfates, both in the anolyte and in the catholyte, slows down the process of oxidation of ammonia as a result of the oxidation of sulfates to persulfates, which are quite passive to ammonium ions. At the same time, electricity consumption increases.
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