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EN
Traditional safety and health system measurement procedures, practiced in various industries produce qualitative results with a degree of uncertainty. This paper presents a fuzzy-logic-based approach to developing a fuzzy model for assessing the safety and health status in the tea industry. For this, the overall safety and health status at a tea estate has been considered as a function of 4 inputs: occupational safety, occupational health, behavioral safety and competency. A set of fuzzy rules based on expert human judgment has been used to correlate different fuzzy inputs and output. Fuzzy set operations are used to calculate the safety and health status of the tea industry. Application of the developed model at a tea estate showed that the safety and health status belongs to the fuzzy class of good with a crisp value of 7.2.
EN
In the present article we studied the thermodynamical theory of micropolar porous material and derived the equations of the linear theory of microploar porous generalized thermoelastic solid. Then the general solution to the field equations for plane axi-symmetric problem are obtained. The Laplace and Hankel transforms have been employed to study the problem, which are inverted numerically by using numerical inversion technique. An application of normal force and thermal source has been taken to show the utility of the approach. The technique developed in the present paper is simple, straightforward and convenient for numerical computation. Effect of micropolarity and porosity on the components of stress, temperature distribution and volume fraction field together with the effect of generalized theory of thermoelasticity have been depicted graphically for a specific model. Some particular cases are also deduced from the present problem.
3
Content available remote Formal Refinement Checking in a System-level Design Methodology
EN
Rising complexity, increasing performance requirements, and shortening time-to-market demands necessitate newer design paradigms for embedded system design. Such newer design methodologies require raising the level of abstraction for design entry, reuse of intellectual property blocks as virtual components, refinement based design, and formal verification to prove correctness of refinement steps. The problem of combining various components from different designers and companies, designed at different levels of abstraction, and embodying heterogeneous models of computation is a difficult challenge for the designer community today. Moreover, one of the gating factors for widespread adoption of the system-level design paradigm is the lack of formal models, method and tools to support refinement. In the absence of provably correct and adequate behavioral synthesis techniques, the refinement of a system-level description towards its implementation is primarily a manual process. Furthermore, proving that the implementation preserves the properties of the higher system-level design-abstraction is an outstanding problem. In this paper, we address these issues and define a formal refinement-checking methodology for system-level design. Our methodology is based on a polychronous model of computation of the multi-clocked synchronous formalism Signal. This formalism is implemented in the Polychrony workbench. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by the experimental case study of a SpecC modeling example. First, we define a technique to systematically model SpecC programs in the Signal formalism. Second, we define a methodology to compare system-level models of SpecC programs and to validate behavioral equivalence relations between these models at different levels of abstraction. Although we use SpecC modeling examples to illustrate our technique, our methodology is generic and language-independent and the model that supports it conceptually minimal by offering a scalable notion and a flexible degree of abstraction.
EN
A series of chelating sorbents has been synthesized by the modification of resorcinol-formaldehde copolymer with different amounts of Na-diethyldithiocarbamate. The obtained resorcinol-formaldehyde-diethyldithiocarbamate (RSD) sorbents have been characterized by elemental analysis, metal ion capacity and infrared spectroscopy. RFD' sorbent has been chosen for the detailed sorption studies owing to its highest metal-ion capacity. Distribution coefficients (Kd) of 17 metal ions have been determined in demineralised water, 0.1 mol L(-1) HNO(3) and buffer solutions (pH 2, 4 and 6). Since various metal-ions differed with respect to Kd values, one achieved their speciation on small columns packed with RFD(3) sorbent. Its satisfactory selectivity towards Ag(+), Zr((4+) and Hf(4+) has been utilised for the preconcentration and recovery of the ions.
PL
Zsyntetyzowano serię sorbentów chelatujących przez modyfikowanie kopolimeru rezor-cynowo-formaldehydowego różnymi ilościami dietyloditiokarbaminianu sodu. Otrzymane sorbenty rezorcynowo-formaldehydowo-dietyloditiokarbaminianowe (RFD) scharakteryzowano metodą analizy elementarnej i spektroskopii w podczerwieni oraz wyznaczono ich pojemność na jony metali. Do szczegółowego badania sorpcji wybrano RFD(3) ze względu na jego najwyższą pojemność na jony metali. Współczynnik rozproszenia (Kd) 17 ionów metali oznaczano w zdemineralizowanej wodzie, 0,1 mol L(-1) HNO(3) oraz w roztworach buforowych (pH 2, 4 i 6). Wykorzystując różnice w wartościach Kd w przypadku różnych ionów metali uzyskano ich rozdzielenie na małych kolumnach wypełnionych RFD(3). Dobrą selektywność sorbentu w stosunku do Ag+, Zr(4+) i Hf(4+) wykorzystano do ich zatężania i odzysku.
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