Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Assessment of Soil and Surface Water Quality in Makhat’s Watershed (Taza Province, Morocco)

Lahmidi Ikram, Tzoraki Ourania, Mesrar Laila, Benaabidate Lahcen, Assabar Narmine, Laaraj Marouane, Jabrane Raouf

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, iss. 2

194--204

EN

Acid mine drainage (AMD) threats the soils and water bodies in the territories of the sulfide mining activities all over the world. Bouaazza’s mine (NE Morocco) lead and sulfides exploitation resulted in the surface exposure of large superficies of acid discharges. The results of physicochemical and geochemical analysis indicate an acidic pH (3.0–7.0) of water samples, with concentrations of lead exceeding Moroccan standards (50 μg/L). The pH in soils is considered from slight up to moderate acidic (< 6.5), with low limestone content (< 6% of CaCO3), and high lead and zinc values exceeding international standards (300 mg/kg). These results indicate the high health risk generated by the absence of environmental monitoring of the mining operations which threaten the water quality in the surrounding area.

2

Analysis of groundwater quality in the lower Soummam Valley, North-East of Algeria

Ghodbane Messaoud, Benaabidate Lahcen, Boudoukha Abderrahmane, Gaagai Aissam, Adjissi Omar, Chaib Warda, Aouissi Hani Amir

Journal of Water and Land Development

|

2022

|

no. 54

1--12

EN

Analysis of groundwater quality in the alluvial aquifer of the lower Soummam Valley, North-East of Algeria, was realised through the application of multivariate statistical methods: hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) in Q and R modes, factorial correspondence analysis (FCA), and principal component analysis (PCA), to hydrochemical data from 51 groundwater samples, collected from 17 boreholes during periods of June, September 2016 and March 2017. The objectives of this approach are to characterise the water quality and to know the factors which govern its evolution by processes controlling its chemical composition. The Piper diagram shows two hydrochemical facies: calcium chloride and sodium bicarbonate. Statistical techniques HCA, PCA, and FCA reveal two groups of waters: the first (EC, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, SO42- and NO3-) of evaporitic origin linked to the dissolution processes of limestone rocks, leaching of saliferous soils and anthropogenic processes, namely contamination wastewater and agricultural activity, as well marine intrusion; and the second group (Na+, K+, and HCO3-) of carbonated origin influenced by the dissolution of carbonate formations and the exchange of bases. The hermodynamic study has shown that all groundwater is undersaturated with respect to evaporitic minerals. On the other hand, it is supersaturated with respect to carbonate minerals, except for water from boreholes F9, F14, and F16, which possibly comes down to the lack of dissolution and arrival of these minerals. The results of this study clearly demonstrate the utility of multivariate statistical methods in the analysis of groundwater quality.

3

Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Sediments of the Inaouene Watershed Upstream the Idriss 1st Dam, Northern Morocco

Laaraj Marouane, Mesnage Valerie, Nabih Soumaya, Mliyeh Mohammed Mouad, Lahmidi Ikram, Benaabidate Lahcen

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2022

|

Vol. 23, nr 9

157--170

EN

In order to evaluate the degree of sediment contamination by metallic trace elements in the watershed of Oued Inaouene (North-East of Morocco), samples of surface sediments were taken along the river and at the level of the Idriss 1st dam. The objective was to obtain thorough knowledge of the environment (metallic element content, organic matter content, granulometry, and pH, EC, CaCO3 content) in order to identify the degree of pollution in these sediments. The results of analysis have highlighted a contamination accentuated by Ba, Sr, P, Cu, Pb, In fact, this element is present at very high levels, with a maximum content ppm for the samples taken upstream of Oued Inaouene. This increase is related to the physicochemical conditions of the environment, despite the diversity of sources of pollutants. The analysis of hazardous heavy metals showed the values under the detection limits. The qualitative study allowed to identifying the source of contamination, it is an anthropogenic source related to the discharges of cities in vicinity of Oued Inaouene, and natural considered as the main source of pollution by trace elements of sediments that constitute an important reserve of pollutants in the environment.

4

Meteorological Drought Assessment in the Ziz Watershed (South East of Morocco)

Dafouf Safae, Lahrach Abderrahim, Tabyaoui Hassan, El Hafyani Mohammed, Benaabidate Lahcen

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2022

|

Vol. 23, iss. 6

243--263

EN

In the face of climate change, drought monitoring and characterisation is indispensable in arid and semi-arid areas. This paper represents a metrological drought assessment in the Ziz watershed located in south-eastern Morocco, through the application of four meteorological indices: rainfall anomaly index (RAI), percentage of normal index (PNI), standardized precipitation index (SPI), z-score index (ZSI). Based on rainfall data series from four stations over a time scale of 37 years (from 1983), also taking into account the relationship between these indices. The analysis of the rainfall series indicates a variability in its spatio-temporal distribution. However, the calculated drought indices indicate that the Ziz basin has experienced drought periods with their different classifications between 1983–2019, noting that the years 1986 and 2001 were dry to extremely dry in all stations of the basin. Thus, the results highlight a strong correlation between the four indices (r ≥ 0.967).

5

Determination of Groundwater Vulnerability Using the DRASTIC Method in Ouargla Shallow Aquifer (Algerian Sahara)

Satouh Adel, Boualem Bouselsal, Chellat Smaine, Benaabidate Lahcen

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2021

|

Vol. 22, nr 6

12--19

EN

Groundwater is the main source for many uses around the city of Ouargla. In this study, the DRASTIC method was used to assess the vulnerability of the groundwater aquifer. Seven hydrogeological parameters of the model (D water depth, R efficient charging, A aquifer type, S soil type, T topography, I unsaturated zone and C hydraulic conductivity) were measured and mapped. The intrinsic vulnerability map of the shallow aquifer, using the DRASTIC method, shows a high to very high vulnerability to pollution; 91.6% of the study area has high vulnerability, 8.4% of it has very high vulnerability. The comparison of the DRASTIC maps with the land use map illustrates that the agglomerations and irrigated areas are the most vulnerable areas to pollution, due to the low depth of the aquifer and the infiltration of significant domestic and irrigation wastewater. The results show that the relationship coefficient between the DRASTIC index and nitrate concentration is R = 0.73. This indicates that the groundwater vulnerability mapping by using the DRASTIC method can be applied for sensible groundwater resources management and land-use planning in the study area.

6

Assessment of Ras El Ma Karst Spring Features by Structural and Functional Approaches at the Region of Taza, Morocco

Naoura Jamal, El Kati Imad, Benaabidate Lahcen

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2021

|

Vol. 22, nr 9

32--47

EN

This work performed by considering two complementary approaches for investigating the Karst system of Ras El Ma source: (1) The structural approach based on field studies, (2) The functional approach requiring inputs data (precipitations) as well as output data at the exit of the karstic system. The choice of the Ras El Ma source is justified by the fact that it constitutes the main outlet of the Liassic aquifer at the Southwest of Taza town. The structural approach highlighted that the impact of South Rifan and North Middle Atlas faults, oriented mainly NE-SW to ENE-WSW and NW-SE, tectonically linked to the Hercynian and late-Hercynian phases; these faults compartmentalized the karst into panels. The functioning of this karst system is based on the coupling of inputs and outputs, the analysis of interannual hydrograph, flood hydrographs, the recession curves and the analysis of hydrogeochemical results. Respectively, the obtained results are presented as follows: A close relationship between flow rates and precipitation, interannual hydrographs marked by a contrasting variation in flow rates and a periodicity that occurs between low water and high-water years. Concerning flood hydrographs, there are two types, a unit modal hydrographs type which generally occurs following time concentrated rainfall and a second multi modal hydrographs type which follows the repetitive rainfall in the basin. The study of recession curves reveals a clear complexity of the systems supplying the source. However, due to the low drying-off coefficients (7.66∙10-4), the aquifer seems to have a poorly developed drainage network in a flooded area. According to the Mangin method [1975], this karstic system is classified in the category of poor or complex karst systems taking into accounts two parameters (i) and (K), which characterize the functioning of the infiltration zone and the volume of flooded karst, respectively. The physicochemical parameters study highlighted the nature of drained rock by the sources. The correlation between conductivity and different chemical elements shows that bicarbonates and calcium are responsible for the mineralization of the waters of this source. It can be concluded that the low values of mineralization occur during the winter and spring floods. The spring regains its normal mineralization during the summer period.

7

Modeling of Continuous and Extreme Hydrological Processes Using Spatially Distributed Models MERCEDES, VICAIR and VISHYR in a Mediterranean Watershed

Aqnouy Mourad, El Messari Jamal Eddine Stitou, Bouadila Abdelmounim, Morabbi Ali, Benaabidate Lahcen, Al-Djazouli Mahamat Ouchar

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2021

|

Vol. 22, iss. 1

9--23

EN

Hydrological modeling predicts flood discharge and diminishes the danger by minimizing the environmental damages downstream. This study aimed to investigate the application of the ATHYS Models platform for simulating the rainfall-runoff relationship in Oued Laou Watershed (940 km2 ). The study area is characterized by strong storms associated with the highest rainfall in Morocco, as well as renowned for its regular water supply and historical flooding; for these reasons, it is classified as a vulnerable area during a rainfall event. The models of the ATHYS platform have been implemented in continuous time during (2004–2012), and in four hourly rainfall extremes recorded in March 2018 at the Kodiat Khorireen station. The VICAIR model was used to visualize, analyze and spatially adjust the input data in raster format (land use, soil numerical map, slope, and flow direction). The VISHYR model, on the other hand, was used for corrections, calculations, management, and visualization of local hydro-climatic data in the FTS63 format. Under the MERCEDES model, the combination of the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) production function and the Lag and Route (L&R) transfer function has produced satisfactory results for continuous simulation periods and for the extreme scenarios. The modeling of the flow process in the Oued Laou by the ATHYS platform produced a reasonable performance with an average NSE of 0.70, R2 of 0.73, PBIAS of 13% and RMSE of 0.46. The research results reveal that the storage parameters, soil type, land use, and vegetation are the most important factors affecting the sensitivity of the hydrological response in the Oued Laou watershed. Moreover, the results indicate that the MERCEDES model is an appropriate tool for modeling floods and flow volumes associated with specific rain events and could be used by managers and decision-makers as a tool for flood forecasting in Morocco.

8

Failure simulation of Babar dam – Algeria and its impact on the valley downstream section

Gaagai Aissam, Boudoukha Abderrahmane, Benaabidate Lahcen

Journal of Water and Land Development

|

2020

|

no. 44

75--89

EN

A failure analysis of Babar dam on the El Arab River was performed to highlight the impact of flood wave and velocities on the four villages downstream of the dam; Hella, Khérenne, Chebla and El Oueldja. The simulation of wave propagation along the El Arab River under several scenarios was performed by the hydraulic HEC-RAS model. This model is dedicated to the description of floods at the dam following a breach in the dike. The main factors considered in this simulation include the level of flood water, the flood hydrograph, and the typical scenario for this breach. The flood risk analysis revealed that the maximum of flood wave flow registered at the breach is (Qmax = 9253.02 m3∙s–1), and is beginning to mitigate downstream of the dam along the El Arab River where it reached at the last village with a low flow (Q = 1110.64 m3∙s–1). This simulation allowed drawing the risk map which showed the areas threatened by flood wave resulting from a total failure of the work, and consequently required a plan of security measures to moderate as much as possible the consequences of floods. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to approach the parameters of impact of the breach on the dam failure scenario. It was confirmed that these parameters as formulation time, breach width and side slope have a great influence on the dam failure scenario with the four adjustments (±20 and ±50).

9

Assessment of Inaouene River Pollution for Potable Water Supply, Northern Morocco

Laaraj Marouane, Benaabidate Lahcen, Mesnage Valérie

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2020

|

Vol. 21, nr 7

68--80

EN

Under hydrological uncertainty and to secure the potable water supply for the Fez city with more than one million and a half inhabitants, the competent authority intends to bring water from the Idriss 1st reservoir 30 km away, downstream the Inaouene watershed. The pollution risks as well as the contamination degree of surface water and sediments were assessed by monitoring the physicochemical characteristics of the water and sediment samples. The results revealed high values of chemical oxygen demand and chloride mainly linked to the uncontrolled liquid discharges. Calcium and magnesium showed also high concentrations that are due to the watershed geology, where carbonate rocks are dominant. The contents of some heavy metals remain relatively low and within the Moroccan standards. The metal contents in sediments show a low degree of the anthropogenic pollution. This led to conclude that the waters and sediments in the study area show relatively degraded quality and then could be used for water supply under continuous control.

10

Implementation of Distributed Hydrological Modeling in a Semi-Arid Mediterranean Catchment Azzaba, Morocco

Abdelmounim Bouadila, Benaabidate Lahcen, Bouizrou Ismail, Aqnouy Mourad

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2019

|

Vol. 20, nr 6

236--254

EN

The typical Mediterranean climate is marked at certain times of the year by sudden torrential rains causing high water flows, which leads to heavy flooding and hydroclimatic fluctuations due to a semi-arid climate. This explains the need for hydrological modeling for water resource management in these contexts. This work concerns the hydrological modeling of the Azzaba catchment area in Haut-Sebou “Morocco”. In the first part of this work, a bibliographic synthesis was carried out to characterize certain factors (physical, geological and climatic), and a hydrological study was carried out by processing rainfall and hydrometric data from the considered time periods. Ultimately, the use of the “ATHYS” platform is beginning to reproduce the flows at the Azzaba outlet. This model is really applicable in the semi-arid context based on several studies carried out on these contexts, since it has to consider the chronological sequence of phenomena on one hand and the influence of the climatic and physicalhydrogeological parameters of the basin (humidity and soil exchange) on the other. Several criteria were used in this study to estimate the model performance; the most common is Nash-Sutcliffe. After observation and analysis of the overall results, it can be concluded that the model reproduces flows in the Azzaba River watershed well, especially in event mode (mean Nash-Sutcliffe value of 0.71). The use of a historical meteorological time series to simulate flow using a daily time step gives average results with a Nash of 0.50, which strengthens the reliability of the ATHYS platform in the Mediterranean climate area.