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Efficiency of hair waste substrate in constructed wetlands on oil and grease content of kitchen wastewater

Bhandary Radhika, Unnikrishnan Anish, Mulky Lavanya

Archives of Environmental Protection

2025

Vol. 51, no. 2

101--109

Treatment of wastewater from various day-to-day sources, particularly oil spills in water bodies, involves using resources that may adversely affect the environment. This study explores the potential of using human hair as a bio-adsorbent to remove BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) and oil and grease from wastewater. The analysis of the percentage reduction in BOD and oil and grease using human hair was conducted through Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using the Central Composite Design method in Design Expert Software. Two variable parameters were chosen for the experiment: the thickness of the adsorbent (A) and the volume of the input sample (B). Adsorption experiments were carried out in a tray setup across 13 different combinations of these parameters. Human hair, the bio-adsorbent under consideration, proved effective in significantly reducing the BOD of wastewater samples and adsorbing oil and grease. In addition to the two parameters studied, other factors such as pH and contact time could also be considered to estimate the optimal adsorption conditions. The maximum percentage removal achieved in this set of experiments was identified by analyzing the interactive effects of the parameters on BOD reduction. Using human hair for oil adsorption can also result in a significant decrease in BOD, which may be beneficial for further treatment processes.

An overview : fate and analysis of marine microplastics with insights into microfluidics, biofilms, and future ecological threats

Ganguly Mahima, Valiamparampil Jithu, Somashekara Divyashree, Mulky Lavanya

Archives of Environmental Protection

2024

Vol. 50, no. 3

26--35

Pollution associated with microplastics (MP) over time is becoming a genuine cause of concern because these micro-sized plastics possess the ability to accumulate toxic contaminants of diverse types. Their propensity to absorb or adsorb pollutants from the surroundings increases the toxicity of microplastics. Multiple root causes lead to the accumulation of microplastics in aqueous ecosystems, necessitating specialized techniques for investigating, handling, and disposing of them. This overview elaborates on the several modes of degradation of microplastics in aquatic systems. It further provides insights into the novel ‘Microfluidics’ technique for detecting microplastics in marine environments. Additionally, as a rising hope for the degradation of microplastics through biofilm formation, distinct types of bacteria found in marine habitats are discussed in this paper. Finally, this review elucidates the problems associated with microplastic pollution in aquatic ecosystems and explores methods for their safe disposal in the future.