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2 Journal of Ecological Engineering

2 2022

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Peculiarities of the Primary Process of the Soil Formation on the Mine Rock Dumps under the Influence of Biotic Factors

Kucher Larisa, Poltoretskyi Serhii, Vasylenko Olha, Krasnoshtan Igor, Zamorskyi Oleksandr, Manzii Olena, Boroday Vira, Voitsekhivska Olena, Voitsekhivskyi Volodymyr, Beregniak Evgeniy

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2022

Vol. 23, nr 11

101--108

Open pit coal mining is a global problem, because mines occupy large areas that completely change the relief, dramatically affect ecosystems, as a result of which they lose most of their functions, and a significant part of the fertile soil degrades and becomes unsuitable for agricultural activities. In the presented work, the initial stage of soil formation was studied, the parameters of the granulometric composition of uneven-aged rocks of Donbas mine dumps, their nutritional regime, and the species composition of soil algae were studied. Samples were taken from three different-aged rock dumps of the mines: "South-Donbaska - 3" (rock storage for 40 years); "South-Donbaska - 1" (storage of rock for 52 years), "Trudovska No5 - bis (storage of rock for more than 100 years). The agrochemical parameters of the rock were determined in the samples: pHwater, humus, nitrate nitrogen, mobile phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, particle size distribution. The determination of granulometric fractions of 0–20 cm layer of rock dumps of the mines shows, along with the age, a potential increase of the dump of fine fractions and a decrease in the fraction of stones from 83% in the dump of the South-Donbaska mine, and by 30 to 64.7% in the dump of the Trudovska No. 5-bis. The proportion of the clay fraction is not high in all dumps and it does not exceed 1%, but its appearance indicates the initial stage of a soil structure formation. Soil formation begins with the colonization of mineral rocks with soil algae. The species composition of soil algae, the quantitative accounting were determined by microscopy of a freshly selected soil sample and by cultural methods. Algae species were determined by determinants. In the rock dump, the structure of algal groups becomes more similar to, their structure in the background soils of the territory. The dominance of the representatives of Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta in the rock indicates the steppe process of soil formation. The data obtained contribute to the expansion of the ecological and biological understanding of the initial stages of the formation of soil cenoses.

Evaluation of Hyper-Tolerance of Aquatic Plants to Metal Nanoparticles

Оlkhovych Olga, Taran Nataliia, Hrechishkina Svitlana, Voitsekhivska Olena, Panuta Olga, Voitsekhivskyi Volodymyr, Belava Victoriia

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2022

Vol. 23, nr 8

249--259

The estimation of the protein content and amino acid composition under the influence of metal nanoparticles (Mn, Cu, Zn, Ag) for seven species of aquatic macrophytes: Limnobium laevigatum (Humb. & Bonpl.ExWilld.), Pistia stratiotes L., Salvinia natans L., Elodea canadensis Michx., Najas guadelupensis (Spreng.) Magnus, Vallisneria spiralis L. and Riccia fluitans L. was conducted. The plants were exposed during 7 days on the experimental solutions of metal nanoparticles at the rate of 1 g of plant per 100 ml of the mixture of stock colloidal solutions of metal nanoparticles (Mn – 0.75 mg/l, Cu – 0.37 mg/l, Zn – 0.44 mg/l, Ag+, Ag2O – 0.75 mg/l) diluted 200 times. In the five investigated species, reduction of the protein content was observed. However, this indicator remained stable only in P. stratiotes (52 mg/ml) and, conversely, increased in V. spiralis (46 mg/ml to 51 mg/ml). The content of the studied amino acids in N. guadelupensis decreased by 46% (from 112.05 mmol/g to 60.15 mmol/g), in R. fluitans – by 44% (from 104.06 mmol/g to 58.25 mmol/g), in S. natans – by 23% (from 90.08 mmol/g to 69.59 mmol/g), in E. canadensis – by 10% (from 143.92 mmol/g to 129.4 mmol/g), and in P. stratiotes as well as in L. laevigatum – by 8% (from 210.65 mmol /g to 193.77 mmol/g and with 155.0 mmol/g to 142.60 mmol/g), but in V. spiralis, on the contrary, increased by 7% (from 91.31 mmol/g to 97.59 mmol/g). Changes in the composition and content of amino acids for each species of aquatic plant were analyzed. It was suggested that the studied plants, which belong to different families, have different defense mechanisms, according to which the amino acid composition of plants varies.