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Factors of Environmental Safety Reduction on Styr River in the City of Lutsk (Ukraine)

Kopylov Viktor, Popovych Vasyl, Shukel Igor, Fitak Mykhailo, Koliadzhyn Igor

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2023

Vol. 24, iss. 1

233--246

Water ecosystems comprise above two thirds of our planet and play an important role in stabilization of global climate, and also provide a wide range of services to the rapidly increasing society. A number of scientific works are devoted to the study of environmental safety. Water is a basis of life on our planet, and the issue of rivers protection should be of top priority. Unfortunately, a considerable number of surface water reservoirs undergo anthropological influence. The analysis of the research allows us to note that surface water reservoirs, lakes, rivers and their floodplain suffer from human-made pollution. At the time of total use of plastics in all spheres of life, its presence in rivers is detected at the micro-level. The aim of our study is the analysis of landscape-forming factors of ecological safety of the river Styr within the city of Lutsk (Ukraine). The volume of discharge of untreated return water into the river Styr within the city of Lutsk during the last years tends to decrease: in 2018 – 427 000 m3; 2019 – 424.9 000 m3; 2020 – 423 000 m3. It is established that the quality of water of the river Styr in the range line above the city are affected by the pollution from the river Ikva housing-communal enterprise "Mlynivske" and state communal enterprise "Dubnivske", and also waste waters transferred from Lviv region – communal enterprise "Radekhiv water sewage enterprise" (through the river Ostrivka) and communal enterprise "Brodyvodokanal" (through the river Bovdurka). The quality of water in the range line below the city undergoes the influence of the waste waters from communal enterprise "Lutskvodokanal". In order to assess transformation of ecological conditions within urban floodplain, it is proposed to run biomonitoring on the basis of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of a leaf of a plant, which is informative in case of description of the peculiarities of formation of vegetation.

Changes in the Structure of Soil Microscopic Fungi in the Territories of Yavoriv and Podorozhenie Sulfur Quarries

Oliferchuk Viktorija, Kendzora Nataliia, Hotsii Nataliya, Shukel Igor, Olejniuk-Puchniak Oksana, Samarska Mariia, Nagurskyy Oleg, Vasiichuk Viktor

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2023

Vol. 24, iss. 3

120-134

The article presents the results of monitoring the soil mycobiota of sulfur quarries in LvivRegion. The dynamics of soil micromycete complexes as a result of their adaptation to the conditions of technozems, embryozems and zonal soils of sulfur quarries was studied. The increase in the number of colony-forming units (CFU) in the studied soils of the Yavoriv and Podorozhnie sulfur quarries over the years is specified, which indicates the active processes of decomposition of plant remains, the formation of stable processes of decomposition of cellulose and other complex compounds in the detrital block of the ecosystem. The change in the frequency of banding of selected species of micromycetes over the years was studied, depending on the content of SO4-2 in the soil solution. The functional structure of soil micromycete communities after sulfur extraction was established. A decrease in the frequency of occurrence of pathogens and toxin-producing agents and an increase in the frequency of occurrence of species that actively participate in the transformation of organic remains, and also act as plant endophytes and participants in mycorrhizal symbiosis were recorded. The species composition of micromycetes that grew in the presence of SO4-2 content in the soil solution, which exceeded the background level from 3.6% to 50%, was determined, the species-bioindicators of soil pollution with sulfur compounds were defined - Fusarium oxysporum, Paecilomyces lilacinum, P. waksmanii, P. nigricans, P. funiculosum, Trichoderma viride, Cladosporium cladosporioides, C. herbarum, Aureobasidium pullulans, Humicola grisea, Ulocladium consortiale, Alternaria alternate, Mortierella ramanniana var. angulispora. During 10 years of research a decrease in the content of SO4-2 in soils was noted, which is associated with an increase in the biodiversity of soil micromycetes and an enrichment of the phytocenotic cover.