Purpose: The aim of this article is to explain how manufacturing companies approach the outsourcing of processes/functions to external entities and to identify the benefits they gain from using outsourcing arrangements. An effort was also undertaken to diagnose the factors for not using outsourcing services. Design/methodology/approach: The formulated objectives of the study influenced the hypotheses and structure of the survey. The survey was conducted in 2020 in the pre-pandemic period, with a sample size of N = 120, including owners/managers of manufacturing companies. Non-random sampling was used. Questionnaires were sent to 200 companies, and only 126 were completed, of which 6 were not completed in full, and were therefore rejected. Hypothesis verification was carried out in turn using a chi-square test. Findings: When considering the premises for the use of outsourcing by business entities, one should first of all take into account the fact that in each enterprise there are many different internal factors, the existence of which affects, to a greater or lesser extent, outsourcing decisions. Research limitations/implications: The study carried out for this thesis does not fully explore the issues involved. It is recommended that studies of this type be conducted again in the future. Practical implications: Outsourcing is undoubtedly a concept consistent with the current trends in the management of economic entities which result primarily from changes occurring in their turbulent environment. Therefore, outsourcing should be seen as a complex business management tool that has a solid theoretical basis, with its impact covering many various aspects of the functioning of modern economic entities. Social implications: Outsourcing as a management concept is one of the easiest ways for companies to achieve greater efficiency. The vast majority of respondents using outsourcing assessed it positively from the perspective of expected benefits. Originality/value: The research carried out in the article potentially extends the literature on the subject by presenting the importance of outsourcing for Polish manufacturing companies.
Purpose: The objective of the article is to identify activities of the municipality in the field of cooperation with the environment to develop appropriate pro-social activities in the management of municipal resources on the example of the Municipality of the City of Częstochowa. Design/methodology/approach: The research tool was a structured survey questionnaire prepared by the authors of the article. The survey was conducted in June 2022 among residents of municipal resources in the city of Częstochowa, the Silesian Voivodeship, Poland. Findings: The research indicated that housing resource management processes should assume cooperation with the economic and scientific environment and the implementation of scientific research results in shaping models for municipal housing resource management to meet social needs, strengthen social ties and create new models in the field of municipal resource management. Research limitations/implications: In addition to scientific values, the study also has a practical aspect that can be used by municipalities and managers of municipal housing resources as support in conscious and effective planning and implementation of pro-social activities in resource management to improve the living conditions of residents. Practical implications: In the future it is reasonable to conduct further research on pro-social activities in municipalities. Specific examples of pro-social activities in municipal resources of various municipalities should be indicated and their perception by residents should be analyzed. Social implications: Due to the changes taking place in the resource, the development of techniques and information technologies, as well as in connection with demographic changes, growing expectations, needs and requirements of residents, it seems important to systematically carry out analyzes in this regard as well as to assess the impact of implemented solutions on the living conditions of the residents of the resource. Originality/value: The conducted research included in the article potentially extends the literature on the subject, presenting pro-social activities in municipal resources on a specific example.
Purpose: The purpose of this article is to present the problems and challenges faced by organisation of distribution logistics with a selected example. Comparing the company to the competition and focusing on the problems and challenges faced by the studied enterprise on the market of fast-moving consumer goods. Design/methodology/approach: The subject of the study is the evaluation of distribution channels of the selected enterprise through the analytical and point method. Findings: The obtained results, thanks to the use of the analytical-point method and the efficiency index of distribution channels, indicate that for the surveyed enterprise, Eurocash distribution channels are not sufficiently effective. The indicator of distribution costs in sales compared to the competition is the highest. Several factors had an impact on such results. Research limitations/implications: However, the issues presented in the paper regarding the problems and challenges of distribution organization cannot be considered as exhaustive, because the discussed topics constitute a multifaceted and interdisciplinary research area. The study would be more complete if the management of distribution logistics on the FMCG market were presented based on the changes caused by the Sars-Cov-19 pandemic. Practical implications: The conducted research draws attention to the effectiveness of distribution channels on the FMCG market. The article may be useful for enterprises providing services in this business sector. Social implications: The article shows the importance of making decisions in the area of distribution processes that significantly affect the entire supply chain, and thus customer service. The use of optimal distribution channels affects the efficiency of logistics services, contributing to an improvement in the quality of service provided to the final recipient and the competitiveness of the company on the FMCG market. Originality/value: The work is addressed to entrepreneurs operating in the FMCG industry. As well as all those interested in the subject of logistics, management and distribution on the market of fast-moving consumer goods.
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