Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Optimization of collection routes using the centre of gravity method: a case study

Stopka Ondrej, Ľupták Vladimír, Poliak Miloš, Stopková Mária

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 121

241--256

EN

The paper deals with the implementation of research concerning the collection routes of a selected company and subsequent streamlining processes in the field of distribution logistics. Specifically, the paper is focused on the optimization of collection routes of textile waste for the customer, i.e., a contractual partner of the company under investigation. The objective of the paper is to analyse step by step the current state of logistics of supplying a specific warehouse, followed by the application of the centre of gravity method for proposing a warehouse relocation. Finally, the individual routes to collection points are optimized. In general, optimization is done for two basic reasons: profit maximization and logistics costs minimization, which ultimately has a positive impact on earnings. The outcome is to determine the optimal routes with respect to costs and traffic while considering complications that may occur in a given transport territory.

2

Road freight transport driver fatique test: A pilot study

Poliak Miloš, Beňuš Ján, Hajduk Iwona Ewa, Demirci Ebru, Nica Elvira

Archiwum Motoryzacji

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2023

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Vol. 101, nr 3

67--85

EN

Road freight transport is one of the main modes of transporting goods in the European Union. This reality puts pressure on carriers to make every transport of goods fast, safe, cheap, and efficient. Based on these requirements, lorry drivers are often forced by their employers to break the current social legislation in the European Union and the rules of the road. Compared to the current social legislation in force in different parts of the world, the European Union rules on driving times, breaks and rest periods for drivers engaged in road haulage and passenger transport are the strictest. An important factor and reason of serious and fatal traffic accidents, extensive damage to goods or property in road freight transport is a driver. This article presents three different types of experiments that were carried out, and the results may help to improve the current situation. The main aim of this study was to verify whether the actual regulations are safe and suitable and compare the results of daily work of professional drivers in two different measurements. Last measurement was conducted with using Eye-tacking technology, which aimed to verify impact of experiences on the reaction times of drivers. The authors believe that the results of individual measurements can contribute to increasing safety in road freight transport with preparing future extended studies and proposing the possible changes of current regulation.

3

Research into the opinion of professional drivers on improving road safety by using the front brake light

Poliak Miloš, Čulík Kristián, Hajduk Iwona, Kubáňová Jaroslava

Archiwum Motoryzacji

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2023

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Vol. 99, nr 1

45--52

EN

The European Union has an ambition to achieve zero road deaths by 2050. It is an ambitious target, but not an unachievable one. The installation of a front brake light, which provides information to other road users that the vehicle is braking, can help to achieve this goal. Today, this information is available to road users who can see the rear of the vehicle. Because the brake lights are located at the rear of the vehicle. The information that the vehicle is braking is also important when looking at the front of the vehicle. Whether it is other drivers or other road users such as pedestrians and cyclists. The aim of this paper is to conduct a research among professional road transport drivers what their opinion is about the front brake light. From their opinion, we will conclude whether such light has the potential to improve road safety or not.

4

Proposal of methodology for customers relationships establishing in terms of transport services

Hajduk Iwona Ewa, Poliak Miloš

Archiwum Motoryzacji

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2023

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Vol. 101, nr 3

5--31

EN

Currently, the market is focused not only on the quality of services, but also on customer comfort, requiring service providers to constantly modernize their methods of operation. Due to the progressing digitization of various areas of business activity, it is necessary to implement current available technological aids in order to maintain competitiveness and build long-term relationships with the client. Delivering products to the point of consumption is a very important element in the supply chain, and transport companies act as both intermediaries and service providers. The article is a proposal of a methodological solution for companies dealing with transport services in the field of building long-term relationships with the client using modern technologies and methodologies. The results show the strategies and systems with which transport companies can strive to build a competitive offer in the supply chain. As a target solution, it was proposed to use solutions such as Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in the process of developing a methodology for building relationships with customers in the area of transport services. The development and functioning of the global economy market is not possible without a net-work of transport connections-communication infrastructure, as well as a service provider-consumer relationship.

5

Violations of social regulation and traffic accidents in road freight transport

Poliak Miloš, Beňuš Ján, Lǎzǎroiu George

Archiwum Motoryzacji

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2022

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Vol. 97, nr 3

51--59

EN

The aim of the work is to analyze violations of social regulation in road freight transport and to propose solutions to prevent these violations. In the first part, we devoted ourselves to the processing of knowledge about road freight transport based on the legislation of the European Union, which is directly oriented to the conditions for the operator of road freight transport with vehicles over 3.5-tons of total weight. Since compliance with the rules also comes with their violations, it is also necessary to consider the traffic accident rate in road freight transport, we specifically identified and compared the traffic accident rate in road freight transport based on traffic accident statistics published on the website of the Ministry of the Interior. In the second part, we gradually processed and evaluated a questionnaire survey, which consisted of questions focused on the violation of social legislation by drivers. In the final part of the work, based on the analysis from the first part of the work and the results from the questionnaire survey in the second part, we proposed solutions to prevent the most frequent violations of social legislation by drivers and carriers.

6

The comparison of the risks and forwarding company performance compared to average performance in selected EU markets

Kubanova Jaroslava, Kubasakova Iveta, Poliak Miloš

Archiwum Motoryzacji

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2022

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Vol. 95, nr 1

32--52

EN

Forwarding companies are an integral part of supply chains and an intermediary between the carrier and the customer. The aim of the article is to provide information on the forwarder's position in the transport market. In connection with the procurement of transport, we focus on comparing transport performance in selected European countries. We take a closer look at the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on transport performance in France. The transport of goods is a risk area that has various negative effects on transport companies. In this article, we provide an overview of criminal activity in France, focusing on the specific types of risk involved. As the frequency of each potential risk occurrence is an important factor, it is necessary to make a codification of the overall threats facing the company, their consequences and the likelihood of their occurrence. These risks can be prevented by making the right decisions. For the carrier, the easiest risk prevention is route planning. The effect of choosing a safer transport route on the size of the risk is described in the article.

7

The comparison of forwarding conditions in countries with a civil law system

Poliak Miloš, Salamakhina Ekaterina

Archiwum Motoryzacji

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2022

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Vol. 98, nr 4

56--64

EN

The issue of creating international legislation capable of regulating the sphere of forwarding has been considered for quite a long time. The actively expanding volume of services provided by freight forwarders and the increasing blurring of its role and area of responsibility create problems in the mutual understanding of the participants in the client– forwarder – third party chain. The main obstacle to the implementation of an international legislative act is the difference in the laws and customs of individual countries. To identify these differences, the authors analyzed such factors as the range of services provided by the forwarder, the conditions of access to the forwarding market, the type of representation used by forwarders in the contract and the definition of the boundaries of the forwarder’s responsibility to the client. The analysis was carried out by studying national legal acts regulating the field of forwarding, as well as the general conditions of forwarding applied by members of national associations of forwarding and logistics in countries with a civil law system. The greatest difference was revealed in the field of conditions of access to the forwarding market, while the functionality of the forwarder, the types of representation used and the limits of responsibility of forwarders from different countries did not indicate any big differences. The result of the work is the conclusion that there are no critical differences in the work of freight forwarders of countries with a civil law system that can hinder the unification of forwarding conditions.

8

Quality of transport services and customer satisfaction measurement

Hajduk Iwona, Poliak Miloš, Gašparík Jozef

Archiwum Motoryzacji

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2022

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Vol. 96, nr 2

51--76

EN

The development and functioning of the global economy market is not possible without a net-work of transport connections - communication infrastructure, as well as a service provider - consumer relationship. Transport is a technological process of the distance of people, objects or energy. Knowledge of the logistics system and its processes is essential for fully functioning and effective logistic activities in the field of goods turnover. The functioning of enterprises operating on modern world markets without effective logistics is almost impossible, hence the constant search for tools to improve its processes, which provide added value for the customer, while maintaining the cost-quality ratio of the services provided. Building an appropriate relationship with the customer, taking care of customer service standards and professional customer service is a long-term and developmental process, which is nothing else than a mutual benefit transaction. Customer satisfaction should be constantly tested in terms of satisfaction and loyalty as well as the perception of the standards introduced and services offered. The customer satisfaction survey is used to illustrate the perception of the conditions that guide the customer. This article describes the methods of measuring customer satisfaction in the point of view quality of transport services.

9

Neutralization of transport documents in road transport

Poliak Miloš, Tomicová Jana, Jaśkiewicz Marek, Zhuravleva Natalia, Fedorko Gabriel

Transport Problems

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2021

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T. 16, z. 2

87--99

EN

The year 1956 is a significant milestone in international road freight transport. The CMR International Convention was adopted this year. The reason for its adoption was to unify the rules in international road freight transport in connection with the contract of carriage. This step was very important not only for carrier but also for the consignee and consignor. The convention also characterized one of the most important documents in road freight transport, which accompanies goods throughout transport. Its name is the CMR consignment note. In recent years in road transport, the original CMR consignment note has been replaced by another CMR consignment note. This practice is referred to as the neutralization of consignment note. In another consignment note, only some data are changed compared with the original, and the goods are not handled during transport. It is an interference with the system of functioning of transport documents, which aims to obscure the actual movement of the consignment during transport. The paper contains own research, which identifies the presumption of the existence of neutralization of transport documents in road transport. The authors also propose the use of new technologies, namely new smart tachographs, through which the sender can prevent the neutralization of documents.

10

Impact of change of consignor on responsibility for loading and fastening of goods in vehicle in the Slovak Republic

Poliak Miloš, Tomicová Jana

Archiwum Motoryzacji

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2021

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Vol. 92, nr 2

5--15

EN

From the point of view of road safety and traffic flow, it is very important to follow the rules laid down by the law. One such rule is to comply with the maximum permissible weights and dimensions of road vehicles and to secure the goods correctly so that they do not move during transport. From the customer's position, it is most advantageous to transport as many goods as possible, and therefore the goods are sometimes loaded to the maximum capacity of the vehicle, regardless of its maximum permissible weight. Failure to follow these rules can result in the destruction of property, faster wear and tear on roads and, in some cases, the death of a person. The aim of the paper is to explain who in the Slovak Republic is responsible for loading and fastening the goods in the vehicle. We also want to state what penalties are imposed on the person responsible for loading and fastening the goods if the permitted weight of the vehicle is exceeded or the goods are insufficiently secured. Based on statistical data, we want to prove that there is a constant overload of vehicles in the Slovak Republic. In recent years, the transport documents used in road transport have been neutralized in order to change some of the information written in them, and the aim is also to find out whether such activity has any impact on the responsibility for loading and fastening the goods in the vehicle.

11

Transport document in road freight transport - paper versus electronic consignment note CMR

Poliak Miloš, Tomicová Jana

Archiwum Motoryzacji

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2020

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Vol. 90, nr 4

45--58

EN

The contract of carriage in road freight transport is regulated by the Convention on the Contract of Carriage in Road Freight Transport (CMR Convention). This Convention provides for a single accompanying document - the CMR consignment note. It is one of the most important documents in road freight transport. Since the adoption of the Convention, this paper document has accompanied the goods throughout the transport. Given that time goes on and everything is being modernized, digitized is no different in the case of a consignment note. In 2008, an Additional Protocol was adopted, which allows the use of an electronic consignment note instead of a paper consignment note. The aim of this paper is to analyze the most important document in road freight transport in its paper and electronic form. Another aim is to compare the paper and electronic consignment note, to explain the advantages of its introduction and also to explain why it is not widely used in modern times.

12

Wage inequality across the road transport sector within the EU

Poliak Miloš, Šimurková Patrícia, Cheu Kelvin

Transport Problems

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2019

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T. 14, z. 2

145--153

EN

The question of how to regulate the salaries of drivers working in the international road transport sector to balance the promotion of free movement of persons and the integration of the market with adequate protection of workers’ rights is rather complex. The range of problems of those seeking to ensure fair competition and fair treatment of employees arises from the fact that drivers operate across Europe but come from different countries where wage standards are significantly different, along with the working conditions. The paper addresses the issue of insufficient harmonization of social conditions in relation to the remuneration of drivers involved in road transport. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether there are differences in driver remuneration across the EU, even though they carry out the same transport within one EU territory as part of international road haulage. It also aims to identify whether there is a change in the terms and conditions of wage compensation over time.

13

The integration of passenger transport and integration barriers

Ewhrudjakpor Oi, Poliaková Adela, Poliak Miloš

Archiwum Motoryzacji

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2019

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Vol. 85, nr 3

103--113

EN

Transport strategy in European Union supports public transport against individual transport. The reason is using of public transport is possible to fulfil all the goals of the EU strategy in the field of road safety. The paper deals with the issue of supporting public passenger transport and it is integration with the aim of ensuring the sustainable mobility of population. The aim of this paper is to identify the importance of public passenger transport and define method for creating effective integrated transport systems. The paper points to the importance of public passenger transport and the reasons why the population prefers cars. Based on the analysis, it is arguable that public passenger transport without mutual integration is not capable enough to compete with individual motoring. Contribution proposes the process integration of public passenger transport as a key elements in increasing road safety. Contribution confirms the hypothesis that the integration of public passenger transport and achieving a higher use of public passenger transport of population can contribute to improving of road safety.

14

Neutralization of CMR documents

Cheu Kelvin, Poliak Miloš, Tomicová Jana, Gnap Jozef

Archiwum Motoryzacji

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2019

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Vol. 83, nr 1

175--184

EN

In 1956, there was an important step in international road freight transport. The CMR Convention, the main purpose of which was to unify the rules for the international transport of goods and thereby promote the development of international trade, was concluded. From a practical point of view, this is of great importance to both carriers and transporters. Similarly, this Convention describes the most important document for the carriage of goods and that is the consignment note CMR. In recent times, the term neutralization has been used in conjunction with this document in transport. We want to clarify the importance of this word in transport. The aim is also to find out to what extent carriers have real experience with CMR neutralization and when transporting what kind of goods the most frequent neutralization of documents is used. The purpose of this contribution is to explain what the term neutralization in transport means, because there is no legal regulation or norm to define it. This term is used mainly in chemistry. Furthermore, we would like to verify the hypothesis that the neutralization of consignment note CMR is actually used in international road freight transport and whether neutralization is only used for a particular type of goods, such as electronics. To verify the hypotheses we conducted a survey at the carriers.

15

Impact of indirect user participation on public transport financing

Poliak Miloš, Tomicová Jana, Reuter Norbert

Archiwum Motoryzacji

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2019

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Vol. 86, nr 4

65--77

EN

The regional public transport performs with around 11 billion passengers a part of approximately 16.3 % of all passenger transports in Germany. It is financed from tariff revenues (user financing) and, for the most part, through public subsidies. The costs for the regional public transport are only covered by 50 % by direct users. Further 50 % are covered by public funds. The demographic development in Germany and with it declining passenger numbers, legal changes at European and national level as well as the over-indebtedness of public authorities result in a significant change of the framework conditions for the regional public transport. The aim of the paper was to draw up reform proposals for public transport in Germany so that it could continue to meet the four main objectives set. The results of those proposals for reform are transferred to a defined project area enabling to measure specifically the monetary impact. By forecasting the results of the project across the country, we want to verify whether the four main public transport objectives can be achieved using possible additional financial instruments involving indirect users, even under changing conditions, provided the proposed reforms are applied.

16

Draft of freight transport car parks facilities

Hernandes Salvador, Poliak Miloš, Poliaková Adela

Archiwum Motoryzacji

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2019

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Vol. 85, nr 3

41--47

EN

The contribution deals with a problem of road trucks parking sustainability. The road freight transport is presently the most significant mode of transportation in frame of inland freight transport. The White Paper on Transport supposes in-creasing of transport to 80 per cent in 2050 compared to the year 2010. The sup-posal of transport increasing is fulfilling in real practise and is followed by in-creasing number of trucks in road infrastructure. To ensure the safety and sus-tainability of transport it is necessary to built not only higher roads capacity but also the infrastructure for cars parking that is connected with safety breaks and drivers’ rest ensuring. On the other hand, the increasing drivers´ demands on rest causes also the increasing demands on parking places. Authors in the first part introduce a review of available approaches for establishment of the parking places in the world. They analyze problems depending to parking in United States, Japan and Germany. In the next part the authors deals with a parking facilities for freight transport. Drafts are processed on the base of own authors´ research.