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1
Content available remote Przykłady awaryjnych zagrożeń systemów zaopatrzenia w wodę
PL
W pracy przedstawiono definicje zdarzeń związanych z sytuacjami nadzwyczajnymi w systemie zaopatrzenia w wodę miasta: katastrofy, poważnej awarii, wypadków, incydentu, klęski i kryzysu. Zaprezentowano 10 przykładów zdarzeń typu awaryjnego, które miały miejsce w Polsce.
EN
In this work the definitions of the events connected with the extraordinary situations in the water supply system of the town, such as: crash, major failure, accident, incident, disaster and crisis, have been presented. Ten examples of emergency which had taken place in Poland have been shown.
2
Content available remote Nadzwyczajne zagrożenia środowiska na obszarach przygranicznych
EN
In this work the definitions related to the extraordinary threats for environment and safety considerations have been given. The results of the transborder industrial failures have been analysed. Obligatory, domestic and international legal acts related to these issues have been given. The biotechnical model of the technological systems operation "man - technology - environment " and the organisational system for early detection of the extraordinary threats for environment have been proposed. The threshold quantities of the toxic industrial agents which are the starting point when operating plans in case of threats are being prepared have also been presented.
PL
Większość istniejących w kraju i za granicą sieci wodociągowych współpracuje ze zbiornikami zapasowo-wyrównawczymi. Dzięki swojemu położeniu oraz pojemności umożliwiają one stabilizację ciśnienia, wyrównanie rozbiorów wody w cyklu dobowym oraz zgromadzenie zapasu wody na wypadek wystąpienia awarii. Odnotowany w ostatnich latach wzrost liczby zanieczyszczeń incydentalnych występujących w rzekach spowodował ponowne zainteresowanie się możliwością wykorzystania zapasowej pojemności zbiornika, jako alternatywnego źródła wody w okresach, gdy ze względu na złą jakość wody jej dostawa zostaje wstrzymana.
4
EN
The paper includes a brief characterization of the municipal water supply system (distributing treated riverine water), which serves the city of Rzeszów (150 thousand inhabitants). Making use of the results of physicochemical analyses (carried out on raw water samples from the Wisłok river), a joint project was established with the aim to upgrade the quality of potable and municipal water. The project is executed by MPWiK (Municipal Water-Supply and Sewerage Services). The measures taken under this project include the following: (1) development of the treatment train (coagulation, rapid filtration, disinfection) which is in use now by introducing preozonation and ozonation + filtration on GAC beds (during pollution episodes GAC will be replaced with pulverized carbon), (2) establishment of protection zones for water intakes, and (3) water quality monitoring. The paper also specifies the operating principles for early, warning systems, as well as presents the schedule of water, analysis in the intake profile and in the water supply system.
EN
Presented are the assumptions for a mathematical model which describes the unsteady flow of surface runoff and the unsteady discharge of storm water from the sewer.Surface runoff is characterized in terms of the kinematic wave equation.Since it has been assumed that the wastewater stream in the sewer follows gradually varied,one-dimensional,free-surface flow pattern, it is possible to make use of the Saint-Venant equations in thier full formulation.The equations of the mathematical model ( appropriately determined initial and boundary conditions) are solved by a finite difference numerical method.The algorithm of the solution has been coded as a computer programme (ALFA),thus making it possible not only to simulate the operation of the sewer system under arbitrary feeding conditions,but also to perform technical and cost-effectiveness analyses.Considered are two flow patterns in the storm sewer.In pattern (A)rainfall of a time-variable intensity is assumed to move downstream (in the direction of the direction of the outflow cross-section ) at a constant velocity.In pattern (B),reinwater is assumed to trawel upstream at the same velocity.When formulating the numerical example,consideration has been given to the geometry,slope and pipe roughness of the sewer,as well as to relevant parameters of the adjacent catchment area.The distributions of effective rainfall intensity for every part of the catchment is determined for pattern (A) and pattern (B).Computations are performed using the ALFA programme.Some of the results obtained are presented in graphical form to visualize how the storm water level in the cross-sections of the sewer varies with time forn the flow patterns considered.
PL
Przedstawiono propozycję metody wyznaczania wymaganego poziomu niezawodności podsystemów i elementów systemu zaopatrzenia w wodę z nadwyżką produkcji. Stosowalność dotychczas znanych metod jest ograniczona ich założeniami.
EN
A proposal for method of determination of the required reliability level of subsystem and elements of the water supply system with surplus of production has been presented.
7
Content available remote Działanie kolektora deszczowego przy zmianie warunków jego zasilania
EN
One of the possibilities of application of the computer programme ALFA is shown in the paper. The numerical example has been described. It was assumed, that the hydrograms of waste waters inflow to the sewer sre changed for some reasons and the analyse of the operation of the storm sewer in new conditions is needed. The programme ALFA was used for computation and obtained results have been presented.
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