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2 Journal of Ecological Engineering

2 2019

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Utilization of Stalks Waste of Sorghum to Produce Bioethanol by Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and S. cerevisiae-Pichia stipitis Consortium

Pandebesie Ellina S., Kartini Audiananti Meganandi, Wilujeng Susi A., Warmadewanthi IDAA

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2019

Vol. 20, nr 4

54--60

Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) stalks as lignocellulosic agricultural biomass residues are one of the agricultural wastes that do not have economic value and are abundant enough in Indonesia. Compared to sugar cane, total sugar in the sorghum stalk had almost same juice yield. On the basis of the sufficient total sugar content in the sorghum crop residues, sorghum stalk is one of the promising potential sources for bioethanol production. This study was conducted to determine the optimum substrate concentration and microorganism capability to fermentation sorghum stalks using Separated Hydrolysis and Fermentation (SHF) method. The pretreatment conducted in this study was carried out using physical and chemical methods. The sorghum stalks were treated with chopping, drying, grinding and separate with the concentration of 25 grams (5%) and 50 grams (10%), then 0.25% H2SO4 was added and heated at the temperature of 121°C for 10 minutes. The enzymatic hydrolysis method using T.viride and A.niger was performed. After hydrolysis, 20% S.cerevisiae CC 3012 or 20% consortium S.cerevisiae CC 3012-P.stipitis were added for the fermentation process. The data obtained in this research pertanied to the value of lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, reducing sugar, C, N, P, and bioethanol. The results of this study indicated the highest ethanol yield is produced by 50 g substrate as the optimum substrate using the consortium of S. cerevisiae CC 3012-P. stipitis for 24 hours of fermentation.

Electrodialytic Recovery of Ammonium and Phosphate Ions in Fertilizer Industry Wastewater by Using a Continuous-Flow Reactor

Hikmawati Desiana Nurul, Bagastyo Arseto Yekti, Warmadewanthi IDAA

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2019

Vol. 20, nr 6

255--263

The wastewater stream generated from fertilizer industries generally contains high concentrations of ammonium and phosphate ions. This stream offers an opportunity for the electrodialytic process to treat and recover these concentrated nutrients before releasing them to the environment. Therefore, this study aims at evaluating the performance of a continuous-flow electrodialysis reactor for ionic recovery of ammonium and phosphate. The results show that the pH and phosphate mass loading affected the overall performance of the reactor. Magnesium was added to the recovered ammonium and phosphate with the lowest concentration of impurity ions. The molar ratio of magnesium:ammonium:phosphate at 2.5:13:1 produced 57.3% of struvite (by mass) and 42.7% of other precipitate products, i.e., most likely fluorapatite and MgF2.