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Effectiveness of using physical pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass

Piątek Milena, Bartkowiak Anna

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 58

62--69

EN

Pretreatment is aimed at making lignin structures, which in turn causes decrystallisation and depolymerisation of cellulose. This treatment allows to increase the energy potential of substrates. A properly selected method allows for obtaining larger amounts of biogas with a high content of biomethane. The aim of the study was to analyse selected pretreatment methods (ultrasonic and hydrothermal) for biogas yield, including biomethane, and to demonstrate the effectiveness of obtaining additional electricity and heat from these methods. It was based on the literature data. On basis the study, the following information was obtained: average yield of biogas and biomethane before and after treatment, difference in yield of biogas and biomethane after treatment, and the effect of treatment on the substrate used. Moreover, an estimate was made of the effectiveness of obtaining additional electricity and heat from selected pretreatment methods compared to hard coal. Based on the analysis of the ultrasonic treatment analysis, it was shown that the best result was obtained with the ultrasound treatment of the mixture of wheat straw and cattle manure with the following parameters: frequency 24 kHz, temperature 44.30°C, time 21.23 s. This allowed a 49% increase in biogas production. The use of pretreatment would therefore allow the production of more electricity and heat capable of replacing conventional heat sources such as coal.

2

Lean management accounting, elimination of waste in the company

Rabe Marcin, Chudy-Laskowska Katarzyna, Widera Katarzyna, Norek Tomasz, Bartkowiak Anna, Łopatka Agnieszka, Magdziarczyk Małgorzata

Journal of Sustainable Development of Transport and Logistics

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2023

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Vol. 8, No. 2

184--194

EN

The purpose of this study is to outline the current problems with the company's documentation workflow process and propose a plan to implement a new automated system to eliminate waste and improve the company's cash flow. Every enterprise is required to accurately record business operations. Accounting is the foundation of an organization, serving not only to meet legal requirements, but also to support management processes. In the case of large enterprises, complex accounting carries the risk of problems with timely and correct accounting, which can lead to delays in payments, reminders, collection procedures and interruptions in deliveries. As a result, it becomes crucial to put processes in place to safeguard liquidity. The study includes an analysis of the company's current documentation workflow process and identification of problems associated with it. A plan is then proposed to implement a new automated system to eliminate waste. The methodology is based on an analysis of the company's internal data and available technological solutions. The main results of the study include the identification of existing problems in the documentation workflow process and a plan for implementing a new system. The findings indicate that improving process efficiency can help increase the company's cash flow. The study introduces a new perspective on records management in enterprises, especially in the context of eliminating waste and improving liquidity. The theoretical value of the work lies in identifying opportunities for effective records management in the context of supporting business processes. The introduction of an automated documentation workflow system can bring practical benefits, such as reducing payment delays, avoiding debt collection procedures and improving the overall efficiency of business operations.

3

Ocena wybranych właściwości fizykochemicznych gleby nawożonej masą pofermentacyjną

Piątek Milena, Bartkowiak Anna

Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie

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2019

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T. 19, z. 1

55--66

PL

Masa pofermentacyjna z biogazowni rolniczej jest doskonałym nawozem organicznym w uprawie roślin. Wzbogaca glebę w łatwiej przyswajalne składniki pokarmowe, a także korzystnie wpływa na środowisko przyrodnicze poprzez zmniejszenie emisji szkodliwych gazów i odorów. Przeprowadzone badania miały na celu analizę właściwości fizykochemicznych gleby pod kątem zawartości azotu, fosforu, potasu oraz pH gleby nawożonej płynną masą pofermentacyjną i uzyskanymi z niej granulatami. W doświadczeniu wegetacyjnym wykorzystany został do nawożenia poferment z dwóch fermentatorów w formie świeżej masy (MPF1 oraz MPF2) oraz pozyskanych z niej granulatów (odpowiednio GCF1 i GCF2). Do badań użyto gleby z wieloletnich doświadczeń nawozowych: 0 (gleba nienawożona), NPK oraz CaNPK. W glebach nawożonych różnymi formami pofermentu stwierdzono istotne statystycznie zwiększenie zawartości azotu, fosforu i potasu oraz zmniejszenie kwasowości gleb. Analiza wykazała, że zarówno świeży poferment, jak i granulat wpływają korzystnie na właściwości fizykochemiczne gleby i mogą być stosowane jako nawóz w uprawie roślin.

EN

The digestate from agricultural biogas plant is an excellent organic fertilizer for plants. It enriches the soil with better digestible nutrients and also beneficial effects on the natural environment, including the reduction of harmful gases and odors. The research aimed at the analysis of the physicochemical properties of the soil, in terms of the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and soil pH fertilized with fresh digestate from agricultural biogas plant and granules obtained from it. In the vegetation experiment, a digestate from two fermenters in fresh form (MPF1 and MPF2) and granules obtained from it (GCF1 and GCF2, respectively) was used. Three soils from persistent fertilization experiments were selected for the study: 0 (non-fertilized soil), NPK and CaNPK. In soils fertilized with various forms of digestate, a statistically significant increase in the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and a decrease in soil acidity was found. The analysis showed that both the fresh digestate and the granulate obtained from it have a beneficial effect on the physicochemical properties of the soil and can be used as a fertilizer in the cultivation of plants.

4

Research on quality of maize grain as a result of the application of an innnovative system for storing grain under operating conditions

Bartkowiak Anna, Gracz Weronika, Marcinkowski Damian, Skrzypek Damian, Wojtaszek Szymon

Agricultural Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 23, No. 3

15--28

EN

This study analyses the results of research on the improvement of grain quality using a filling core in a grain silo. The research is a part of the research project aimed at developing an innovative system for drying and storing maize grain that, among other benefits, reduces grain damage. Two series were carried out: a control series, in which a chute was applied as the main element, and an operation series, in which a cascade chute was used for testing. The analysis conducted on the simulated operating conditions showed a 4-5-fold reduction in the amount of grain damaged following the application of the filling core compared with the control series. It has also been shown that a 6-meter cascade chute considerably decreases the velocity of the falling grain when loading the silo.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań w zakresie poprawy jakości ziarna dzięki zastosowaniu rdzenia zasypowego w silosie zbożowym. Badania wykonano w ramach projektu badawczego, którego celem było stworzenie innowacyjnego systemu składowania ziarna kukurydzy m.in. ograniczającemu uszkodzeniu ziarna. Wykonane zostały dwie serie: kontrolna, w której jako główny element zastosowano zrzutnię oraz seria eksploatacyjna, w której do badań zastosowano kaskadę zasypową. Analiza w symulowanych warunkach operacyjnych wykazała 4-5-krotnie zmniejszenie ziaren uszkodzonych po zastosowaniu rdzenia zsypowego w porównaniu do serii kontrolnej. Wykazano także, że 6-metrowa kaskada zasypowa spowalnia w znacznym stopniu prędkość spadania ziarna podczas załadunku silosu.