Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

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Properties of explosive systems containing water

Maranda Andrzej, Polis Mateusz, Nikolczuk Karolina

Materiały Wysokoenergetyczne

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2022

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T. 14

14--25

EN

The paper presents the of the properties of explosive mixtures containing water as one of the basic components. The literature data analysis was performed for binary mixtures containing: aluminum dust, ammonium nitrate(V) and high-energy explosives (nitrocellulose, trinitrotoluene, hexogene, pentrite) or their mixtures, smokeless powders in addition to water. The most frequently described parameters were the brisance, the detonation velocity and the detonation capacity.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono właściwości wybuchowych mieszanin zawierających wodę jako podstawowy składnik. Analizę danych literaturowych wykonano dla mieszanin binarnych zawierających oprócz wody: pył aluminiowy, azotan(V) amonu lub wysokoenergetyczne materiały wybuchowe (trinitrotoluen, heksogen, pentryt) lub ich mieszaniny oraz prochy bezdymne. Najczęściej opisanymi parametrami były: kruszność, prędkość detonacji i zdolność do detonacji.

2

Modification of the Detonation Parameters of Mining Explosives Containing Hydrogen Peroxide and Aluminium Powder

Paszula Józef, Maranda Andrzej, Nikolczuk Karolina, Giercuszkiewicz Agnieszka

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

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2021

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Vol. 18, no. 4

477--491

EN

Presently, due to rising environmental consciousness, numerous actions are being taken to prevent devastation of the natural environment. If explosive mixtures are manufactured in an insufficiently controlled manner, they contain too much ammonium nitrate and generate nitrogen oxides (NOx), which are both harmful for living organism and responsible for negative weather phenomena. However, the products from decomposition of hydrogen peroxide are only oxygen and hydrogen, which are both environmentally friendly. This paper presents the results of research on the impact of two types of aluminium powder on the detonation parameters of mining explosives containing hydrogen peroxide 60% as an oxidiser. The detonation velocities were measured by means of short circuit sensors. Direct measurement of the blast wave overpressure was performed with piezoelectric sensors and the positive phase impulse was analyzed. Measurement of the explosive strength was made by the ballistic pendulum method for 10 g samples. The results of these experiments showed that the addition of both types of aluminium, as well as their content in the explosive mixture, have a significant impact on all of the measured parameters.

3

The illegal synthesis of picric acid in the context of applicable legal regulations

Polis Mateusz, Wilk Zenon, Nikolczuk Karolina

Materiały Wysokoenergetyczne

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2020

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T. 12(2)

139--145

EN

Homemade explosives (HME) are increasingly used in terrorist attacks. These materials can be defined as physical mixtures of commonly available raw materials or those obtained by synthesis e.g. picric acid. For most compounds there are at least several synthesis routes which allow a suitable route to be matched for the available materials. The aim of the task was to investigate the possibility of producing picric acid using raw materials and equipment available to the average user. The obtained product was tested for safety, i.e. sensitivity to friction and impact was determined.

PL

Samodziałowe materiały wybuchowe (HME – z ang. homemade explosive) są coraz częściej stosowane w zamachach terrorystycznych. Materiały te możemy zdefiniować jako uzyskane poprzez fizyczne mieszanie powszechnie dostępnych surowców lub syntezę. W przypadku materiałów wybuchowych, otrzymywanych w wyniku syntez, można wymienić m.in. kwas pikrynowy. Dla większości związków chemicznych istnieje co najmniej kilka ścieżek syntezy, co umożliwia jej dopasowanie do dostępnych materiałów. Celem pracy było zbadanie możliwości uzyskania kwasu pikrynowego, korzystając z dostępnych dla przeciętnego użytkownika surowców i aparatury. Otrzymany produkt poddano badaniom bezpieczeństwa, tj. określono wrażliwość na tarcie oraz uderzenie.

4

Measurements of the VOD of Selected Mining Explosives and Novel “Green Explosives” Using the Continuous Method

Nikolczuk Karolina, Maranda Andrzej, Mertuszka Piotr, Fuławka Krzysztof, Wilk Zenon, Koślik Piotr

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

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2019

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Vol. 16, no. 3

468--481

EN

Explosive velocity, also known as detonation velocity or velocity of detonation (VOD), is one of the most important and basic parameters describing the properties of explosives. This work presents the VOD results of three different explosives. Two of the explosives were ammonium nitrate-based (straight emulsion and Heavy ANFO). The third explosive was based on hydrogen peroxide (HP). The aim of the experiments was to compare the VOD of the HP-based against the VOD of the ammonium nitrate-based explosives. The final conclusions and results of this preliminary work and the analysis of available literature show that HP-based explosives, so called “green explosives”, have the potential to successfully replace ammonium nitrate-based explosives in some applications. The results of this work will be used to develop production technology for new HP-based explosives and to find their possible applications, considering their environmentally friendly character (this novel formulation of explosive eliminates post-blast nitrogen oxide fumes (NOx), as a direct product of the detonation process). During the burning reaction, nitrogen oxides (NO, NO2) are produced as a result of the use of bulk ammonium nitrate-based commercial explosives. Exposure to these toxic gases can have negative effects on the health and safety of personnel and the surrounding environment. The results obtained for the new emulsion explosives allow them to be used extensively in the industry as a competitive product on the market.