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Ecology-Economical Assessment of new Reclamation Method for Currently Working Technogenic Massifs

Strizhenok A., Tcvetkov P.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 18, nr 1

57--63

EN

One of the most relevant problems of the mining industry is the need to reduce the negative impact of technogenic massifs formed by wastes of extraction and processing of mineral raw materials. This problem has a significant meaning for currently used massifs, because traditional ways of reclamation are not suitable for them. The article describes the results of a scientific study on the development of the most efficient reclamation method for currently used technogenic massifs. Described in detail the main results of the field observations, methods and equipment of laboratory experiments conducted to determine agro-chemical properties of the soil and optimal composition of binder agent. The article also provides ecological and economic assessment of the proposed method of reclamation. The study was conducted on the example of the real technogenic massif, formed by wastes of phosphorus ore processing.

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Prospects of the Environmental Technologies Implementation in the Cement Industry in Russia

Peshkova G., Cherepovitsyn A., Tcvetkov P.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 17, nr 4

17--24

EN

Russian cement industry is in decline. Enterprises operate on the basis of technologies developed in USSR. In this connection such fundamental issues of the enterprises functioning, as energy efficiency, environmental safety, resource-saving, resources provision and others, are overlooked. The paper attempts to define the priorities of the Russian cement industry development based on the experience of developed countries. The most promising technologies for the designated key areas were described and their benefits and drawbacks were identified. Due to the major role of the raw resources in Russian economy, the issues of increasing the efficiency of cement plants, should be discussed with considering the efficiency of mining enterprises extracting mineral raw materials needed for manufacturing process. Given the significant investments required to the industry modernization, which can not be achieved through government support, it is proposed to create conditions for the development of the integrated companies. In addition, a key factor that can ensure the sustainable development of the industry is a cross-sectoral co-operation, which will allow to organize a low-waste production cycle with a minimal costs of raw materials.

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Prospects of CCS Projects Implementation in Russia: Environmental Protection and Economic Opportunities

Tcvetkov P., Cherepovitsyn A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 17, nr 2

24--32

EN

The urgency of environmental protection is determined by its intensive change because of human impact, which, among other things, accompanied by an increasing of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. One of the ways to reduce the emission is Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technologies. To date, developed countries have successfully implemented a number of CCS demonstration projects. Their main purpose is to study the effectiveness of CO2 storage. Russia is one of the world’s largest producers of CO2 emissions. However, CO2 capture and storage issues are not studied by Russian enterprises due to the absence of environmental taxes. The experience of developed countries shows that CO2 storage projects, in addition to the reduction of anthropogenic impact, can be commercially effective not only by reducing the tax burden. This review presents the analysis of international experience in the field of CO2 capture and storage. Given the immaturity of technology and lack of the necessary volume of statistical data, it was an attempt to determine the minimum conditions, which permit the implementation of CCS projects in Russian oil fields. On the basis of the Russian development forecast and the fuel balance structure the volumes of CO2 emissions in the 2016–2030 years were calculated. According to significant difference in opinions about the feasibility of CCS implementation in Russia, this review presents the main arguments for and against such projects. Evaluation of the potential effectiveness of CCS projects to enhance oil recovery factor showed that in spite of the absence of CO2 emissions taxes, such projects could be commercially effective in Russia due to the increase in oil recovery.

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Ecological and Economic Efficiency of Peat Fast Pyrolysis Projects as an Alternative Source of Raw Energy Resources

Tcvetkov P., Strizhenok A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 17, nr 1

56--62

EN

The objective of this review is to find ecologically and economically reasonable method of biomass processing to produce electricity and thermal energy. The major causes of the annual increase in the volume of consumed electricity and thermal energy are the current pace of scientific and technological progress, the overcrowding of cities and industrial agglomeration. Traditional energy sources (coal, oil, gas) have a significant negative impact on the environment, which leads to the deterioration of sanitary-hygienic indicators of the human environment. Besides, prices for traditional energy resources are increasing due to the decline of easy produced stocks. The goal of this article is the investigation and evaluation of environmental and economic efficiency of biomass fast pyrolysis methods for as modern energy resources. The result of the review is the choice of biomass fast pyrolysis as the most environmentally reasonable and economically viable local method of producing electricity and thermal energy in Russia. This method is more eco-friendly, compared to other alternative energy sources, for example using peat as solid fuel.