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Invasive Solidago Species: How Large Area Do They Occupy and What Would be the Cost of Their Removal?

Szymura M., Szymura T. H., Wolski K.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2016

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Vol. 64, nr 1

25--34

EN

The impact of biological invasions should be considered from ecological and economic perspective. To understand the influence of the invader, both its range and abundance should be known. Even if the range of invaders is well-known, the problem of assessing their abundance still occurs very often. In this study we report the results of an assessment of the area covered by stands of alien Solidago species in Silesia (Central Europe, south-western Poland, area ca. 30 000 km2), and estimated costs of the invaded areas recultivation. The results of field survey show that the stands of invasive Solidago species cover an area of about 130 000 hectares in S-W Poland, which is ca. 4.5% of the total area of the studied region. It was also found that the cadastral data and Corine land cover maps underestimate the area of fallowed agricultural lands. The cost of removing stands of invasive Solidago species in S-W Poland ranges from 123.24 to 266.17 million PLN, depending on the method. The method that balances reasonable costs, low environmental impact and efficiency of grassland establishment costs 180.7 million PLN for S-W Poland.

2

The Locality of Bear’s Garlic (Allium ursinum L.) in Palace Park in Korytów – Environmental Conditions and Protection Possibilities

Szymura M., Liszewski M., Kocowicz A., Pytlarz-Kozicka M., Szymura T. H.

Architektura Krajobrazu

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2015

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nr 4

48--59

EN

The aim of this study is to characterize the habitat preferences of Wild garlic (Allium ursinum), determine the potential environmental threats and possibilities of protection of this species and also, to show the possibility of its use as a natural element in landscape planning. The palace park in Korytów (Kłodzko Valley, Lower Silesia) was selected as a model area for the study. The research has shown that bear garlic is a highly demanding plant in terms of soil conditions. The threat to this species is soil eutrophication related to the influence of anthropogenic factor and excessive cutting of forest trees. In order to protect the wild garlic population it is recommended to reduce the felling of trees and remove competitive species like Impatiens parviflora and Urtica dioica.

PL

Celem pracy jest charakterystyka preferencji siedliskowych czosnku niedźwiedziego (Allium ursinum), określenie potencjalnych zagrożeń i możliwości ochrony tego gatunku oraz pokazanie możliwości jego wykorzystania jako elementu naturalistycznego w kształtowaniu krajobrazu. Jako modelowe stanowisko wybrano park przypałacowy w Korytowie (Kotlina Kłodzka, Dolny Śląsk). Czosnek niedźwiedzi wykazuje duże wymagania w stosunku do warunków glebowych. Zagrożeniem dla tej rośliny są eutrofizacja gleb związana z wpływem czynnika antropogenicznego i nadmierne prześwietlenie drzewostanów. W celu ochrony czosnku niedźwiedziego zaleca się ograniczenie wycinki drzew oraz usuwanie roślin z nim konkurujących takich jak niecierpek drobnokwiatowy (Impatiens parviflora) i pokrzywa zwyczajna (Urtica dioica).

3

How does recent vegetation reflects previous systems of forest management?

Szymura T. H.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2012

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Vol. 60, nr 4

859--862

EN

It is known that historical coppicing could lead to developing thermophilous oak forests (habitat 91I0 according to NATURA 2000, in Kwiatkowski 2004), but this management system is recently unknown in Poland. In this paper we present the results of researching the historical documentation considering past methods of forest management in Sudety Mountains foothills (Silesia, Poland, Central Europe). Results of this research show that coppicing was most popular in the period ca 1835–1890, and focused on production of high quality oak tanbark (mirror tanbark). In the end of 19th century the area of coppiced forest for tanbark production was assessed at 16,000 ha. The decline of financial efficiency of this production led to conversion of coppiced forest into high forests, applying coppice-with-standard systems as transient kind of management. The historical knowledge suggests that thermophilous oak forest vegetation, observed recently in Sudety Mts. foothills, can be considered as an effect of past forest management and also necessity of active management in order to maintain this habitat.