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The Processing Propagation of Microalgae Botryococcus Sp. Cultivation in Palm Oil Mill Effluent Materials

Abdullah L., Apandi Najeeha Mohd, Sunar Norshuhaila Mohamed, Arifin S. N. H., Haron M., Nagarajah R., Cheong K., Heng C., Soon C. F., Nabiałek Marcin

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

2024

Vol. 69, iss. 3

981--986

Palm Oil Mill Effluent Materials (POME) are significantly more contaminated than municipal sewage due to their high chemical and biological oxygen demand (BOD and COD). This study examines the properties of POME wastewater under typical physical settings to track the growth conditions of microalgae, namely Botryococcus sp., in various volumes at varying POME dilutions. Begin with analyzing POME’s water quality measurements and conclude the growing conditions of microalgae. Botryococcus sp. microalgae could not flourish in diluted raw POME. However, it was well propagated in diluted anaerobic POME under adequate light and oxygen conditions. The finding shows that diluted anaerobic POME 70% is the ideal dilution for microalgae Botryococcus sp. to proliferate. Raw POME is physically described as a thick, brownish liquid with a high total solids and turbidity concentration that is contained in water. The study explores the use of Botryococcus sp. culture and propagation in POME materials for sustainable bioenergy production, highlighting the potential of microalgae for future economic benefits.

Effects of different microalgae Botrycoccus sp. beads concentrations on the growth and nutrients uptake in kitchen wastewater

Shaari N.A.R., Apandi Najeeha Mohd, Sunar Norshuhaila Mohamed, Nagarajah R., Cheong K., Ahia S.S.M., Halim Khairul Anwar Abdul, Gacek Marcin, Ibrahim Wan Mastura Wan

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

2023

Vol. 68, iss. 4

1609--1615

The present study is aimed to access the growth rates, biomass productivity and nutrient removal in different concentrations of microalgae Botryococcus sp. beads using kitchen wastewater as a media. Verhulst logistic kinetic model was used to measure the optimal concentrations of microalgae Botryococcus sp. in kitchen wastewater in terms of cell growth rate kinetics and biomass productivity. The study verified that the maximum productivity was recorded with 1×106 cell/ml of the initial concentration of Botryococcus sp. with 42.64 mg/l/day and the highest removal of TP and ammonia was obtained (78.14% and 60.53% respectively). The highest specific growth rate of biomass at 0.2896 μmax/d compare to other concentrations, while the lowest occurred at concentrations of 105 cells/ml at 0.0412 μmax/d. The present study shows the different concentrations of Botryococcus sp. in alginate beads culturing in kitchen wastewater influence the cells growth of biomass and nutrient uptake with optimum concentration (106 cells/ml) of Botryococcus sp. which is suggested for wastewater treatment purposes. The result of scanning electron microscopy (sem) shows differences in morphology in terms of surface; smoother and cleaner (before the experiment), cracks and rough surface with black/white spots (after the experiment). These findings seemly can be applied efficiently in kitchen wastewater treatment as well as a production medium for microalgae biomass.