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2 2021

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Productivity of Spring Triticale under Conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine

Gamayunova Valentina V., Sydiakina Olena V., Dvoretskyi Volodymyr F., Markovska Olena Y.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2021

Vol. 22, iss. 2

104--112

Triticale is a valuable grain forage and food crop. Application of fertilizers enables to both increase the grain yield and improve its quality indicators. Triticale responds positively to fertilization, foliar top dressing, and the action of growth-regulating drugs. The presented field experiments were carried out in 2014–2016 in the educational-scientific-practical center of the Mykolaiv national agrarian university on the southern chernozem, typical for the southern Steppe of Ukraine. Pre-sowing seed treatment, application of mineral fertilizers and foliar nitrogen fertilization had a positive effect on the length of the ear, the number of grains in it, the mass of grain from the ear of the main stem and the level of the formed yield of spring triticale grain. Among the studied fertilizer options, the introduction of N30P30 before sowing and top dressing with ammonium nitrate at a dose of N30 against the background of pre-sowing seed treatment with Escort-Bio was advantageous. In this variant, the yield was 3.61 t/ha, the length of the ear was 10.4 cm, the number of grains in the ear was 30.2 PCs, the weight of grain from the ear of the main stem was 1.43 g. Creating an optimal nutrition background for plants improved the quality indicators of the spring triticale grain. The most favorable conditions for the formation of grain nature were provided by applying N60P30 before sowing and N30P30 before sowing with top dressing in a dose of N30 in the form of ammonium nitrate, urea or double top dressing with D2. The maximum protein content in the grain of the spring triticale was ensured by the introduction of N30P30 into the sowing with feeding with carbamide at a dose of N30. Due to the higher yield, the highest conditional protein yield per hectare of spring triticale sowing was provided by the introduction of N60P30 before sowing and N30P30 before sowing with top dressing with ammonium nitrate in the phase of stooling at a dose of N30. Improving the background of plant nutrition in cultivation technology is a promising measure to increase the productivity of spring triticale.

Modelling Irrigation Regimes of Different Varieties of Rice with AquaCrop Software

Markovska Olena Y., Dudchenko Volodymyr V.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2021

Vol. 22, iss. 5

103--109

The article presents the results of the application of modern information technologies, which allow agricultural producers to precisely control the dynamics of water consumption at the level of irrigation system, farmland and individual fields of rice crop rotations under the conditions of drip irrigation. The use of computer programs enables optimization of irrigation regimes and delivers savings in terms of water, energy, technical means and labor resources, contributing to an increase in yields and improvements of their quality, increases in economic efficiency and environmental safety of agriculture on irrigated lands. As a part of SRW "Development and improvement of irrigation regimes of rice and related crops of rice crop rotation on the basis of normalization of irrigation water and determination of the dynamics of evapotranspiration at the field level", AquaCrop software was used to model the productivity of rice under conditions of drip irrigation. The results of research on the topic of improvement of technological processes for growing modern varieties of rice in order to enhance seeding and harvesting properties, which were conducted in 2017 at the Institute of Rice NAAS, were used as experimental data. Indicator data, including temperature, wind speed and precipitation in 2017 were obtained from the local weather station, whereas information on the duration of the sunny day, local coordinates etc. was gleaned from Internet resources. AquaCrop models water and nutrient consumption to achieve desired yields and establish response to optimal and resource-saving irrigation of crops with different biological parameters, including rice. Components of the cultivation process of different rice varieties were established with simulation modeling. Convenience, accuracy and reliability of the developed model for management, modeling and decision-making from the perspective of yield formation of Vicont, Premium and Ukraine-96 rice varieties as well as development of irrigation regimes for effective agricultural production were demonstrated. Adaptation of the information provided by AquaCrop on studied rice varieties allowed automatic and sufficiently accurate generation of biologically optimal irrigation regimes for Vicont, Premium and Ukraine-96. Yields and water productivity of aforementioned rice varieties were also compared in the experiment, with the highest values for both parameters achieved by Vicont – 9.5 t/ha and 1.29 kg/m3, respectively.