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The use of Argo floats as virtual moorings for monitoring the South Baltic Sea

Merchel Małgorzata, Walczowski Waldemar, Rak Daniel, Wieczorek Piotr

Oceanologia

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2024

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Vol. 66 (1)

99-110

EN

The Argo float measurement network is increasingly effectively covering internal seas and shelf areas. In this paper, a specific approach to using Argo floats as ‘virtual moorings’ within the conditions of the Baltic Sea is presented. Following a series of successful deployments with standard configurations, it was decided that the settings forcing the float to stay at the bottom between profiles should be tested. This significantly reduced the drift of the float and allowed measurements to be made in a limited water area for a longer time. The data obtained from Argo floats used as virtual mooring can be a valuable source for monitoring and analysing the hydrology of individual basins of the Baltic Sea. The results show that the temporal and spatial variability of the observed fields of temperature, salinity, and other properties of seawater is very high. More data are needed to correctly determine the mean properties of the basins and their temporal variability. Therefore, Argo floats can be a source of efficient and inexpensive hydrographic data for shallow seas such as the Baltic.

2

Rescue device concept for the ARGO profiling float

Olejnik Adam, Walczowski Waldemar, Dawidziuk Marek, Jakus Bartłomiej, Wieczorek Piotr

Polish Hyperbaric Research

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2022

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nr 3(80)

23--38

EN

The material presents the development work carried out by the ARGO-Poland scientific consortium related to the design of rescue systems for ARGO profiling floats used for in situ exploration of the world oceans. The article describes the principle of operation of the Argo float and the theoretical basis of the rescue system and six alternative design solutions for such a system.

3

Increases in the temperature and salinity of deep and intermediate waters in the West Spitsbergen Current region in 1997-2016

Merchel Małgorzata, Walczowski Waldemar

Oceanologia

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2020

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No. 62 (4PA)

501--510

EN

This study investigated the temporal variability in the basic physical properties of deep and intermediate waters in the West Spitsbergen Current region at 76°30’N latitude from 1997 to 2016. Emphasis was placed on quantifying the changes in temperature and salinity and determining the potential drivers of these changes. Hydrographic data were obtained during annual summer cruises aboard the r/v Oceania in the Nordic Seas. The increase in the water temperature, which was especially strong in the western part of the investigated section, was associated with considerable changes in the water layers salinity. The temperature and salinity of the intermediate water increased much faster (0.021°C yr−1 and 0.0022 yr−1, respectively) than those of the deep water (0.009°C yr−1 and 0.0004 yr−1, respectively). The warming rate in the upper 2000 m was also higher than the mean warming rate of the global ocean. The source of the deep water temperature and salinity increases was the deep water inflow from the Arctic Ocean into the Greenland Sea. In contrast, the increase in these properties in the intermediate water was associated with the advection of warmer and more saline Atlantic Water from the North Atlantic to the Nordic Seas.

4

Dissolved oxygen variability in the southern Baltic Sea in 2013-2018

Rak Daniel, Walczowski Waldemar, Dzierzbicka-Głowacka Lidia, Shchuka Sergey

Oceanologia

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2020

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No. 62 (4PA)

525--537

EN

This paper discusses changes in the dissolved oxygen concentration (DOC) in the southern Baltic Sea. The oxygenation of the whole water column was estimated. Monthly mean DOCs, as well as a detailed description of the annual surface layer dissolved oxygen (DO) cycle, are presented. The DO cycle at the surface is characterized by two maxima in March/April and November, and by two minima in July/August and December. The DO decline time after the major Baltic inflow (MBI) in 2014 was estimated at about 10 months for the Bornholm Deep and Słupsk Furrow. Whereas the Bornholm Basin was relatively well oxygenated, low oxygen concentrations (<4 mg l−1) were measured in the deep layer of the Gdańsk Deep throughout the inflow period. In addition, the cod spermatozoa activation layer together with the neutral egg buoyancy layer for the Bornholm Basin and Słupsk Furrow are discussed on the basis of the measured DOCs and the variability in hydrographic conditions.

5

Argo floats in the southern Baltic Sea

Walczowski Waldemar, Merchel Małgorzata, Rak Daniel, Wieczorek Piotr, Goszczko Ilona

Oceanologia

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2020

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No. 62 (4PA)

478--488

EN

This work aims to familiarize the reader with issues related to modern oceanographic measurement techniques performed by Argo autonomous profiling floats. The opportunity for this is the three years of innovative activity on the part of Argo-Poland in the Baltic Sea. Based on the experience and results acquired by the Institute of Oceanology of the Polish Academy of Sciences (IO PAN), we can say that a revolution in the Baltic Sea monitoring is underway. During three years of activity, the floats launched by IO PAN provided more than 1600 CTD profiles, including 600 O2 profiles. Together with synoptic data from ships, data from moorings and surface buoys, the Argo float measurements are an important part of the southern Baltic monitoring system. Two Argo floats launched by IO PAN collected enough data to determine the dynamics of the oxygen content in various layers, the extent of hypoxic and anoxic zones, and to detect small baroclinic inflows to the Gotland and Gdańsk Deeps.