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1

Metoda identyfikacji potencjalnych lokalizacji farm wiatrowych na terenach wiejskich

Wiącek Marlena, Malinowski Mateusz

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

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2023

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nr I/1

205--220

PL

Transformacja energetyczna kraju wymaga zwiększenia udziału odnawialnych źródeł energii (OZE) w strukturze wytwarzania energii. W szczególności dotyczy to zwiększenia udziału energetyki wiatrowej, która już teraz pełni funkcję lidera w produkcji energii elektrycznej z OZE. Rozwój tego obszaru OZE jest nieunikniony, pomimo barier natury społecznej i prawnej. Istniejące opracowania kartograficzne wskazują obszary predysponowane jak i nieprzydatne do lokalizacji farm wiatrowych w ujęciu krajowym. Istotnym jest jednak wskazywanie potencjalnych obszarów na szczeblu lokalnym z uwzględnieniem kryteriów nie tylko przestrzennych, ale także tych, które dotyczą funkcjonalnego charakteru analizowanych obszarów. W pracy przedstawiono autorską metodę wskazywania potencjalnych lokalizacji farm wiatrowych na obszarach wiejskich, przetestowaną na przykładzie gminy Borowa (woj. podkarpackie). Analizy przeprowadzono dla 3 wariantów wysokości siłowni wiatrowych (do 30 m, do 50 m, do 70 m). W wariancie 1 (wiatraki o wysokości do 30 m) wyznaczono 17 lokalizacji, które łącznie stanowią 19% powierzchni gminy, w wariancie 2 wskazano 7 obszarów (9% powierzchni gminy), a wariancie 3 wyznaczono 3 lokalizacje (5% powierzchni gminy). Największa moc zainstalowaną z siłowni wiatrowych można uzyskać dla wariantu 3 (wiatraki do 70 m), pomimo najmniejszej dostępnej powierzchni.

EN

The energy transformation of the country requires an increase in the share of renewable energy sources (RES) in the energy generation structure. This particularly applies to increasing the share of wind energy, which already serves as a leader in electricity production from RES. The development of this renewable energy sector is inevitable, despite social and legal barriers. Existing cartographic studies indicate areas that are predisposed and unsuitable for locating wind farms at the county level. It is important to identify potential areas at the local level, taking into account not only spatial criteria, but also those related to functional characteristics, such as rural areas. This paper presents an original method for identifying potential locations for wind farms in rural areas, tested using the example of the Borowa Commune (Podkarpackie Voivodeship). Analyses were conducted for three height variants of wind turbines (up to 30m, up to 50m, up to 70m). In Variant 1 (wind turbines up to 30m), 17 locations were identified (19% of the commune surface), in Variant 2, 7 areas were indicated (9% of the commune surface), and in Variant 3, 3 locations were identified (5% of the commune surface). The highest installed power can be achieved in Variant 3 (wind turbines up to 70m), despite the fact that the available space is the smallest.

2

A GIS and AHP-based approach to determine potential locations of municipal solid waste collection points in rural areas

Malinowski Mateusz, Guzdek Sylwia, Petryk Agnieszka, Tomaszek Klaudia

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2021

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no. 51

94--101

EN

Municipal solid waste collection points (MSWCPs) are places where residents of municipalities can leave their waste free of charge. MSWCPs should operate in every municipality in Poland. The Geographic Information System (GIS) and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) were used in conjunction as tools to determine potential locations of MSWCPs. Due to possible social conflicts related to the location of MSWCPs, three variants of buffer zones for a residential area were adopted. As a result of the spatial analysis carried out using the GIS software, 247 potential locations were identified in variant no. 1 (which accounted for 7.1% of commune area), 167 for variant no. 2 (6.3% of commune area), and 88 for variant no. 3 (3.8% of commune area). The most favourable locations for MSWCPs were determined using the AHP method with additional criteria for which weights were calculated as follows: the area of a designated plot (0.045), actual designation of a plot in the local spatial development plan (0.397), distance from the centre of the village (0.096) and the commune (0.231), and population density of a village (0.231). The highest weights (over 50%) in the AHP analysis were obtained for 12 locations in variant no. 3, two of which had an area over 3 ha. The adopted methodology enabled to identify quasi-optimal solutions for MSWCP locations in the analysed rural commune. This research has the potential to influence future waste management policies by assisting stakeholders in the MSWCP location.

3

Impact of Air-Flow Rate and Biochar Addition on the Oxygen Concentration in Waste and Emitted Gases During Biostabilization of Undersized Fraction from Municipal Solid Waste

Malinowski Mateusz

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 6

136--144

EN

Mechanical biological treatment of waste is still one of the most popular methods for mixed municipal waste treatment. The result of mechanical processing of waste is sorting out: the undersized fraction from municipal solid waste (UFMSW) with granulation below 80 mm, rich in biodegradable organic waste (mainly including food waste, paper, wood, etc.). UFMSW is treated in biological processes in order to reduce the negative environmental effect of this waste. Unfortunately, the processing is not neutral to the environment. The correct course of the aerobic biostabilization process depends on the activity of microorganisms, the intensity of aeration, and the oxygen content in the processed waste. The aim of this paper was to analyze the effect of air-flow rate and biochar addition on the oxygen concentration in waste and in emitted gases during the intensive phase of UFMSW biostabilization. The study was performed under laboratory conditions. Six different variants of the process (without biochar addition and using 1.5; 3; 5; 10 and 20% of biochar addition) were applied. Subsequent replicates were conducted using an averaged air-flow rate of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 m3∙d-1∙kg dm.org-1. As a result of the conducted experiments, it was found that both the air-flow rate and the addition of biochar have a significant effect on the oxygen concentration in the treatment waste, as well as its content in the outlet air. Using the highest air-flow rate resulted in the oxygen content not decreasing below 14%, both in the free spaces between the waste and in the emitted gases, while the addition of biochar significantly reduced the oxygen concentration. In the case of lower air-flow rate values, the oxygen content decreased even below 5%. It was found that a high addition of biochar (10 and 20% by weight) at the lowest air-flow rate resulted in the occurrence of anaerobic zones in waste in the first days of the intensive process (between days 2 and 6 of the process), as well as absence of oxygen in the outlet air (between days 2 and 4 of the process). Despite this, no methane (biogas) emissions were found in any of the conducted experiments.

4

Wpływ niektórych parametrów konstrukcyjnych młyna elektromagnetycznego na jego właściwości eksploatacyjne

Jabłoński Paweł, Dróżdż Tomasz, Gliniak Maciej, Trzyniec Karolina, Lis Anna, Kiełbasa Paweł, Malinowski Mateusz

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2020

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R. 96, nr 2

79--82

PL

Przeanalizowano wpływ parametrów konstrukcyjnych (liczby zwojów cewek elektromagnesów, grubość i konduktywność osłony komory roboczej) młyna elektromagnetycznego na takie wielkości eksploatacyjne jak indukcja magnetyczna w komorze roboczej, pobierany prąd, straty na prądy wirowe, współczynnik mocy, zastępcza impedancja fazowa. Stwierdzono, że liczba zwojów cewek ma duże znaczenie, przy czym im większa liczba zwojów, tym mniejsze pole w komorze roboczej.

XX

The influence of design parameters (the number of turns of electromagnet coils, the thickness and conductivity of the working chamber enclosure) of the electromagnetic mill on such operational quantities as magnetic induction in the working chamber, current, losses due to eddy currents, power factor, equivalent phase impedance were analyzed. It was found that the number of turns of the coils is of great importance, with the larger the number of turns, the smaller the area in the working chamber.

5

Economic and Ecological Assessment of Transport of Various Types of Waste

Guzdek Sylwia, Malinowski Mateusz, Religa Arkadiusz, Liszka Daniel, Petryk Agnieszka

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 5

19--26

EN

The amount of generated waste has been increasing for several years in Poland. There is a lot of research in the field of the environmental and economic evaluation of waste treatment processes. Waste transport is considered to be one of the most important elements of waste management (WM), because it integrates the whole WM system. The environmental impact of waste transport is rising (emissions to air). The European Union introduced provisions on the principle of proximity in the Waste Framework Directive. This principle suggests that waste should generally be transported, treated or disposed of as near to its place of origin as possible. The main aim of the study was to perform an ecological and technical-economic analysis of transportation of selected types of waste (mixed municipal solid waste, construction and demolition waste, separately collected waste called: segregation). The research applied data obtained from a municipal enterprise operating in the South Poland. SimaPro 8.1 software with Ecoinvent 3.3 database was employed to calculate the environmental impact. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the transportation of 1 Mg construction waste had twice as much negative impact on the environment as transportation of 1 Mg mixed municipal waste and segregated waste. This is connected with higher fuel consumption per 1 Mg of transported construction waste and twice the distance that an average hooklift truck must cover in order to collect 1 Mg of construction waste.

6

The Impact of the Amount of Fees for the Collection and Management of Municipal Waste on the Percentage of Selectively Collected Waste

Petryk Agnieszka, Malinowski Mateusz, Dziewulska Magdalena, Guzdek Sylwia

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 10

46--53

EN

The changes in the waste management system that have been introduced in Europe and in the world were aimed at counteracting the emergence of illegal dumping sites and increasing the levels of waste recovery and recycling, so that waste management remains in line with the principles of sustainable development and circular economy. The change introduced in 2013 in the municipal waste management system in Poland concerned the assumption of full responsibility by municipalities for the municipal waste collected from owners of residential properties, as well as the establishment and organization of a charging system for residents for the collection and management of the waste. The purpose of the study was to conduct a comparative analysis of fees paid by residents of 93 selected communes of the Lubelskie Province. The study examined the impact of the amount of fees for the waste collection and management on the share of households declaring selective municipal waste collection, the share of selectively collected waste, and the mass accumulation rate of municipal waste. As a result of the analysis conducted using the data from the years 2013–2016, it was revealed that the amount of fees for the collection and management of waste in households that sorted waste contributed significantly to the increase in the percentage of selectively collected waste. Similarly, the smaller the value of the ratio of rates for sorted and mixed waste, the greater the segregation efficiency. This indicates that in the case of the analyzed region, the lower fee charged for sorting waste was an incentive for residents to sort waste.

7

The analysis of biodegradation process of selected paper packaging waste

Nowińska Anna, Baranowska Joanna, Malinowski Mateusz

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

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2019

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nr III/1

253--261

EN

In recent years, a significant surge in the mass of generated waste with varying morphological composition has been observed. Packaging made of both plastic and paper has an increasing share in the municipal solid waste stream. The multiplicity of packaging means that proper methods and installations are needed to appropriately manage the waste generated from it. A special type of packaging waste is made of paper and cardboard and it is considered as biodegradable waste. It can be processed in both mechanical (material) and biological treatment processes. Thanks to the microorganisms involved in biological treatment processes, the organic matter present in waste should be decomposed (biodegradable). The main aim of the study was to analyze the dynamics of the biodegradation process of selected packaging waste made of paper and cardboard in various research environments. The waste used for the analysis differed primarily in grammage. The dynamics of the decomposition rate of the examined waste was analyzed for materials placed in 4 different research environments. The analysis showed significant differences in the rate of biodegradation of the tested waste. Differences were also found in the rate of material decomposition in individual research environments. Materials with low grammage such as paper towels and sandwich paper wrapper were the fastest to biodegrade.

8

Analysis of changes in fees for the collection and management of municipal waste as regards the efficiency of waste segregation

Malinowski Mateusz, Łukasiewicz Maria, Famielec Stanisław, Nowińska Karina

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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2019

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nr 2

24--41

EN

The issue discussed in this paper is related to the correlation between the efficiency of waste segregation and fee rate imposed on residents for generated municipal solid waste, which rate is set and changed by municipal authorities. The main objective of the paper was to analyse the variability of fees for waste collection and management, as well as to analyse changes within this scope during the first several years (from 1 July 2013 to 31 December 2016) since the new waste management system was implemented in Poland. The research area included the municipalities of the 1st Waste Management Region in the Silesian Voivodeship. The mean fee sustained by residents of the examined municipalities for the collection and management of mixed waste was PLN 14.1 per person per month; when residents opted for additional selective waste collection, the fee was PLN 7.3 per person per month. During the examined period, the waste collection fee increased in the majority of the municipalities by 34.0%. One third of the municipalities did not change the rate. In those municipalities where the fee increased, the growth of segregation efficiency was hampered. The mean share of the segregated municipal waste stream in the total stream of collected waste reached 22.6%. No significant correlation was observed between the applied fee rate and efficiency of selective waste collection.

9

The share of impurities in selectively collected waste in one- and multi-sack systems

Łukasiewicz Maria, Malinowski Mateusz, Młodnicki Krzysztof, Religa Arkadiusz

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2018

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Vol. 25, nr 2

187--195

EN

According to the legal requirements of the European Union in the field of waste management, as much as possible of municipal waste should be sent for recycling. In order to meet the EU requirements, it is necessary to segregate the waste by the inhabitants in households. The share of waste (such as paper, glass, metal and plastics) prepared for re-use and / or recycling should be at least 50 % by 2020 and 70 % by 2030 in relation to the mass of collected waste in those years. The main objective of the work is to analyse the share of impurities and to the evaluation of cleanliness of selectively collected waste. In many Polish municipalities a compulsory 5-bags (container) waste collection system has been implemented, divided into 5 different factions. The research problem of this work is to compare the one- and multi-sack systems of collecting paper, metal and glass. The research was carried out at MIKI Recykling company in Krakow. The waste for analysis came from the following community: Skawina and Liszki, where the waste was collected selectively in to 3 sacks for 3 different fractions and from the Zabierzow commune, in which selective wastes were collected into one sack. The analysis of the test results allowed to state that the share of impurities present in selectively collected wastes in the multi-sacks system is from 6.4 1.4 % to 7.7 1.1 %, while in the one-sack system 17.0 5.2 %. In the municipalities of Skawina and Liszki, sacks with paper and sacks with glass and metals were characterized by high purity of segregation. The most common contaminants were organic waste, non-recyclable plastics and hazardous waste. In waste from the Zabierzow commune, mainly organic waste was the pollution. The achieved share of pollutants differentiates the analysed systems in a statistically significant manner, which allows to state that the purity of the collected fractions in a multi-sacks system is definitely higher than in a one-sack system.

PL

Abstrakt: Zgodnie z wymaganiami Unii Europejskiej w zakresie gospodarki odpadami, jak największy odsetek odpadów komunalnych powinien być kierowany do recyklingu. Aby spełnić unijne wymagania, niezbędne jest segregowanie odpadów przez mieszkańców w miejscu ich powstawania (u źródła), a więc w gospodarstwach domowych. Udział odpadów (takich jak: papier, szkło, metal i tworzywa sztuczne) przygotowanych do ponownego wykorzystania i/lub recyklingu, powinien wynosić minimum 50% do 2020 r. i 70% w 2030 r. w stosunku do masy zebranych odpadów. Podstawowym celem pracy jest analiza udziału zanieczyszczeń znajdujących się w odpadach zbieranych selektywnie. Ponieważ w wielu polskich gminach wdrożono już obowiązkowy 5 workowy (pojemnikowy) system gromadzenia odpadów z podziałem na różne frakcje, problem badawczy tej pracy polega na porównaniu systemu jedno i wieloworkowego gromadzenia papieru, metalu, szkła i tworzyw sztucznych. Badania wykonano w firmie MIKI Recykling Sp. z o.o. w Krakowie. Odpady do analizy pochodziły z podkrakowskich gmin: Skawina i Liszki, w których odpady gromadzono selektywnie do 3 worków na 3 różne frakcje oraz z gminy Zabierzów, w której odpady selektywne zbierano do jednego worka. Analiza wyników badań pozwoliła na stwierdzenie, że udział zanieczyszczeń występujący w selektywnej zbiórce w systemie wieloworkowym wynosi od 6,4 1,4% do 7,7 1,1%, natomiast w systemie jednoworkowym 17,0 5,2%. W gminach Skawina i Liszki worki z papierem oraz worki ze szkłem i metalami charakteryzowały się wysoką czystością segregacji. Najczęściej występującymi zanieczyszczeniami były odpady organiczne, tworzywa sztuczne nienadające się do recyklingu oraz odpady niebezpieczne (np. opakowania po lekach, farbach, lakierach, itp.). W odpadach z gminy Zabierzów zanieczyszczeniami były głównie odpady organiczne. Osiągnięty udział zanieczyszczeń różnicuje analizowane systemy w sposób statystycznie istotny, co pozwala na stwierdzenie, że czystość zbieranych frakcji w systemie wieloworkowym jest zdecydowanie większa niż w systemie jednoworkowym.

10

Wykorzystanie GIS w projektowaniu lokalizacji obiektów zagospodarowania zmieszanych odpadów komunalnych w regionie sądecko-gorlickim

Malinowski Mateusz, Petryk Agnieszka, Rybiński Jakub

Biuletyn Komitetu Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania Kraju PAN

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2018

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No 272

372--381

EN

With the increase in the mass of municipal waste generated, the demand for facilities dealing with their development is increasing. The aim of the research was to determine environmental and anthropogenic factors affecting the location of waste management facilities and an attempt to indicate potential locations for selected waste management facilities in the communes of the Sądecko-Gorlicki region. The scope of work included: a review of existing waste management facilities in the studied region, acquisition of geodatabase for digital data, analysis of the distance between the waste management facilities and environmental or anthropogenic elements, and analysis of potential locations designated in the GIS based on the developed criteria.As a result of spatial analyzes, it was found that in the study area, there are 3 places of potentiallocations for installation of municipal solid waste treatment facilities.