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Poszukiwanie kryteriów oceny nowoczesnych malowideł ściennych w zabytkowych kościołach w Polsce

Korpała Małgorzata

Ochrona Dziedzictwa Kulturowego

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2017

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Nr 3

133--145

PL

W artykule omówiono współczesne polichromie wykonane w XX wieku w zabytkowych kościołach. Często uważa się, że nie pasują one do historycznych, jak również kościelnych wnętrz. Ich wartość jest często dyskredytowana ze względu na epokę, w której zostały stworzone. Współczesne malowidła ścienne w zabytkowych wnętrzach kościelnych można podzielić w odniesieniu do czasu, w których powstały poprzednie. Druga grupa obejmuje polichromie powstałe po wojnie w trakcie przygotowań i obchodów Tysiąclecia Chrztu Polski. Współczesne dekoracje w zabytkowych kościołach były również realizowane w późniejszych czasach. Zostały wykonane przez wybitnych artystów - Józefa E. Dutkiewicza, Wacława Taranczewskiego, Jerzego Nowosielskiego. Często polichromie łączą efekty prac konserwatorskich ze współczesnym malarstwem polichromowanym. Najważniejszą cechą tych realizacji było połączenie zabytkowego wyposażenia i wystroju z nowymi, współczesnymi dekoracjami wnętrz. W wielu przypadkach były przejawem nowoczesności, podczas gdy w innych stanowiły kontynuację transformacji starych kościołów poprzez dodawanie kolejnych dzieł sztuki. Jedyną szansą na uratowanie tych dekoracji jest wpisanie ich do rejestru zabytków. Dlatego konieczne jest przygotowanie kryteriów oceny współczesnych obrazów w historycznych wnętrzach. Pozwoli to nie tylko na docenienie i zachowanie tych polichromii, ale także na ich skuteczną ochronę.

EN

The article discusses modern polychromies made during the 20th century in historic churches. It is often believed that they are not appropriate for historic and church interiors. Their value is frequently discredited because of the epoch in which they were created. Modern wall paintings in historic church interiors can be divided according to periods in which the former were created. The first group comes from the inter-war period. The second group encompasses polychromies created after the war in the course of preparations and celebrations of the Millennium of the Baptism of Poland. Contemporary decors in historic churches were also carried out in later times. They were executed by outstanding artists – Józef E. Dutkiewicz, Wacław Taranczewski, Jerzy Nowosielski. Frequently polychromies combined effects of conservation work with contemporary polychrome painting. The most important feature of those realisations was integrating the historic furnishings and design with new contemporary interior decoration. In many cases they were a manifestation of modernity, while in other modern artwork in monuments constituted a continuation of transformations in old churches and adding more works of art. The only chance to save those decorations is entering them into the monument register. That is why it is necessary to prepare the criteria for evaluating of modern paintings in historic interiors. It will allow not only for appreciating and preserving those polychromies, but will also make it possible to protect them effectively.

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Kościoły pokoju w Jaworze i Świdnicy – prace konserwatorskie wnętrza i wyposażenia, jako przykład ochrony budowli wpisanych na listę światowego dziedzictwa

Korpała Małgorzata

Ochrona Dziedzictwa Kulturowego

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2017

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Nr 4

83--92

EN

Churches of Peace in Jawor and Świdnica, inscribed in the World Heritage List, are unique examples of religious monuments which were created despite many unfavourable circumstances, and survived till today while preserving their original function, decorations and furnishings. The article discusses crucial principles of conservation work in both buildings, which has been carried out since the beginning of the 1990s. Positive results of conservation work, preserving the authenticity of substance, were possible mainly due to inscribing the building in the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage List. Preserving the authenticity of those monuments was the priority during the realised conservation work on the interior decoration and furnishings. That is why the Churches of Peace in Jawor and Świdnica maintained their authentic original décor from the turn of the 17th and 18th century.

3

Urząd konserwatorski a zabytek, czyli o wpływie urzędu na przygotowanie i realizację prac konserwatorskich

Korpała Małgorzata

Ochrona Dziedzictwa Kulturowego

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2016

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Nr 1

77--84

EN

Under the Act of 23 July, 2003 on the Protection and Guardianship of Monuments, employees of historic preservation offices supervise works carried out to historic monuments and sites as well as determine their scope. The scope of works depends on the form of legal protection and it is conditional on the decision pertaining to legal protection, i.e. listing a property or site in the register or municipal/communal record of historic monuments and sites; providing area-wide protection: defining historic preservation area in a local zoning plan. Members of staff of historic preservation offices are responsible for assessing documents pertaining to renovation, restoration, and conservation works carried out to monuments and sites as well as make administrative decisions on all actions, regardless of the level on which they are taken: issuing conservation guidelines, permits for conducting research on historic monuments and sites, making decisions on commencing conservation works, supervising the works until their completion. Quality of works carried out to historic monuments and sites depends on individual experience and skills that the members of staff of historic preservation offices demonstrate. The higher the rank of a monument or site, the heavier responsibility historic preservation offices shoulder.

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Prace konserwatorskie, a klasyfikacja zabytków

Korpała Małgorzata

Ochrona Dziedzictwa Kulturowego

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2016

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Nr 2

67--78

EN

Value assessment of historic monuments and sites and their classification are affected by conservation works and the impact they exert on elements of historical significance. Whether a historic monument or site can be still considered evidence of a past epoch depends on the scope of conservation works carried out in this asset. Works conducted in appropriate manner provide new information about the past. Additionally, a historic monument or site is attributed new values - not only aesthetic and functional but also the historical ones. This allows for changing their classification. Therefore, the role that the results of conservation works play in classification of historic monuments and sites has been particularly emphasised. The author of this article ponders upon whether layers of the previously carried out conservation works as well as their effects can be the reason for redoing value assessment and re-classifying a historic monument or site. These deliberations provided a basis for drawing conclusions and producing recommendations pertaining to the influence that conservation works and layers created as their result exert on the actions taken by historic preservation offices supervising these works. For this reason, the present classification should include the following: – increasing the importance of historic monuments and sites which have not been transformed at all or have been slightly modified This concerns historic monuments and sites which are typical of their epoch, e.g. tenement houses, palaces, industrial plants, etc. – valuable layers and elements created in the course of conservation works, which should be preserved and, prior to issuing permits by historic preservation office and launching conservation works, assessed in terms of their values. These elements should be preserved in order to place these assets under a different class, usually of a higher rank. Preserving elements created in the course of formerly conducted conservation works and resulting in forming multiple layers is compliant with the currently applied conservation theory, which no longer accepts purist methods as a way of preserving monuments and sites. Due to this, it is possible to preserve the evidence of conservation works and take care of historic monuments and sites in order to preserve them for future generations.