Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Właściwości pokrywy glebowej jako narzędzie regionalizacji

Degórski M.

Prace Komisji Krajobrazu Kulturowego

|

2017

|

nr 37

83--91

PL

Gleba jest elementem środowiska geograficznego, który z punktu widzenia ekologicznego i paleogeograficznego uważany jest za jego zwierciadło, w którym odbija się zarówno historia rozwoju krajobrazu danego regionu, jak i efekty współczesnych procesów środowiskotwórczych i antropogenicznych. Wśród komponentów środowiska przyrodniczego odgrywa ona szczególną rolę, będąc bardzo aktywnym i kreatywnym jego elementem. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie gleby jako potencjalnego narzędzia regionalizacji fizycznogeograficznej. Omówione zostały w nim zarówno specyficzne cechy pokrywy glebowej jako podstawy wydzielenia regionów, jak również kryteria regionalizacji samej mozaiki gleb opartej na przestrzennej zmienności jej właściwości i charakterystyk.

EN

Soil is an element of the geographical environment, which from an ecological and palaeogeographical point of view is considered as its mirror, which reflects both the history of landscape development in a given region and the effects of contemporary environmental and anthropogenic processes. Among the components of the natural environment, it plays a special role, being a very active and creative element of it. The purpose of the paper is to present soil as a potential tool for physical geographic regionalization. It discusses both the specific features of the soil cover as the basis for the separation of regions, as well as the criteria for regionalization of the soil mosaic itself based on the spatial variability of its properties and characteristics.

2

Potential of cultural ecosystem services in postglacial landscape from the beneficiaries’ perspective

Kowalska A., Affek A., Solon J., Degórski M., Grabińska B., Kołaczkowska E., Kruczkowska B., Regulska E., Roo-Zielińska E., Wolski J., Zawiska I.

Ekonomia i Środowisko

|

2017

|

nr 1

236--245

EN

The paper presents the results of a questionnaire carried out among landscape users in Suwałki and Augustów Region concerning the perception of goods of nature. Respondents were asked to assign services to 7 ecosystem types (deciduous forest, coniferous forest, swamp forest, grasslands, croplands, wetlands, water bodies) and rank them in order of importance. Our intention was to show the potential/capacity of each ecosystem type to deliver four cultural ecosystem services: sport and recreation, inspiration for creative work, education and science and spiritual experience in the view of local community and tourists.

3

Potential of provisioning and regulating ecosystem services in postglacial landscape

Roo-Zielińska E., Affek A., Kowalska A., Grabińska B., Kruczkowska B., Wolski J., Solon J., Degórski M., Kołaczkowska E., Regulska E., Zawiska I.

Ekonomia i Środowisko

|

2016

|

nr 4

274--291

EN

The general objective of the study was to present different methods for identification and assessment of ecosystem services provided by various ecosystems in postglacial landscape. Our study focused on ecosystem-oriented approach in which the potential of ecosystems to deliver goods and services was analyzed. Other approaches, e.g. society-oriented (dealing with goods and services demands) or process-oriented (focused on uptake of goods and services) were applied only additionally.

PL

W niniejszym artykule zaprezentowano wyniki badań nad przestrzennym zróżnicowaniem potencjału ekosystemów do dostarczania wybranych usług zaopatrzeniowych i regulacyjnych. Każde z wybranych do prezentacji świadczeń (cztery usługi zaopatrzeniowe – plony zbóż, miód, biomasa zwierząt kopytnych, zapas drewna na pniu; jedna usługa regulacyjna –sekwestracja węgla w glebie) jest przykładem innego podejścia do definiowania i obliczania wskaźników określających potencjał do świadczenia usług. Wyniki zróżnicowania przestrzennego potencjałów przedstawiono na mapach, obejmujących trzy gminy z Polski północno-wschodniej.

4

Ecosystem services in postglacial landscape – basic assumptions and research methodology

Degórski M., Roo-Zielińska E., Grabińska B., Kowalska A., Solon J., Affek A., Kruczkowska B., Wolski J., Kołaczkowska E., Regulska E., Zawiska I.

Ekonomia i Środowisko

|

2016

|

nr 4

22--32

PL

Nonetheless, to date, there has been rather a small number of scientific papers which verified in a comprehensive manner the methodological assumptions of the ES concept as a conglomerate of material and non-material benefits derived by human from natural environment and cultural heritage. Such scientific approach to ES concept has been adopted and implemented in the project “Ecosystem services in young glacial landscape – assessment of resources, threats and use” supported by National Science Centre (2012/07/ B/ST10/04344), carried out in Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences since 2012. This article presents the project objectives, assumptions and research methodology.

5

Identyfikacja problemów w polityce krajobrazowej Polski w kontekście ochrony krajobrazu i zagospodarowania przestrzennego kraju

Degórski M.

Biuletyn Komitetu Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania Kraju PAN

|

2016

|

No 261

9--33

PL

We współczesnym świecie charakteryzującym się szybkim rozwojem cywilizacyjnym, wyrażającym się ekspansją urbanistyczną, infrastrukturalną, industrialną, rozlewaniem się osadnictwa oraz nasilającymi się procesami degradującymi naturalny potencjał środowiska, jednym z bardzo istotnych wyzwań jest optymalizacja działań mających na celu racjonalne gospodarowanie przestrzenią i krajobrazem. W skali każdego kraju instrumentem do prowadzenia działań planistyczno-operacyjnych w zakresie kształtowania i zagospodarowania przestrzeni są polityki sektorowe, jak przestrzenna, ekologiczna, czy krajobrazowa. To przez zapisy postulatywne oraz regulacje prawne można oddziaływać na ład przestrzenny, ochronę najcenniejszych z punktu widzenia potencjałowego zasobów naturalnych, czy krajobrazowych, zarówno w wymiarze przyrodniczym, jak i kultury materialnej.

EN

Rational management of landscape resources is now one of the very important challenges facing the civilization. The article highlighted the weakness of the impact of the coherent landscape policy in Poland within the process of our country space shaping, as well as in the planning and formal-legal activities, which constitute a unique opportunity to improve the situation of the pro-landscape actions in terms of their effectiveness enhancement. Moreover, works were presented that aim at the implementation of the provisions of the European Landscape Convention, National Spatial Development Concept up to the year 2030, or new legislation that is formed by the so-called Landscape Act. The article reinforced the substantive importance for the strengthening of the landscape policies effectiveness of recently undertaken studies on the landscape audit methodology or analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the landscape functioning, especially in the context of its conservation and rational management. Additionally, threats of the implementation of the landscape protecting actions were identified, due to the very poor understanding of the landscape issue by the society, and a low acceptance level of the actions supporting the improvement of the current state.

6

Ecosystem services as a factor strengthening regional development trajectory

Degórski M., Solon J.

Ekonomia i Środowisko

|

2014

|

nr 4

48--57

EN

In regional development, the natural environment is increasingly being perceived as a factor capable of generating development trajectories. These trajectories may locally become dense, forming so-called attractors occupying a region referred to as the basin of attraction, which determines, among others, the viscosity of the region. The present article sets out to address several basic questions regarding the essence of the applicative dimension of ecosystem and landscape services in the local scale.

PL

Koncepcja świadczeń ekosystemowych i krajobrazowych jest obecnie szeroko dyskutowana w literaturze i ciągle pojawiają się mniej lub bardziej udane próby uwzględnienia koncepcji w działaniach praktycznych. Niestety wokół tego podejścia badawczego narosło wiele niejasności i nieporozumień, czego efektem jest między innymi nieporównywalność proponowanych rozwiązań i raczej tylko postulatywny charakter planowania rozwoju regionów oparty na świadczeniach ekosystemowych. Celem artykułu jest próba odpowiedzi na kilka podstawowych pytań dotyczących istoty świadczeń ekosystemów w kontekście aplikacyjnym.

7

Landscape scale of topography-soil-vegetation relationship : influence of land use and land form

Solon J., Roo-Zielińska E., Degórski M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2012

|

Vol. 60, nr 1

3-17

EN

This article presents the effects exerted by the differences in land use on the relationships between soil and vegetation along a topographical gradient (catena). In the study 35 plots (20 m2, with 2 m up and 10 m across the slope) from two transects (forest - 2600 m and field - 1400 m, (with the lowest plot at 209.6 m a.s.l., and the highest at 253.5 m a.s.l. the lowest at 199.7 m a.s.l. and the highest at 230 m a.s.l, respectively) were selected and classified into three groups (depletion, transition, accumulation), depending upon the processes of erosion or accumulation. The analysed variables were following: topographical characteristics, soil parameters, number of vascular plant species, and geobotanical indicators as soil moisture (Fwm), soil acidity (Rwm), nitrogen content in the soil (Nwm) according to Ellenberg (Ellenberg et al. 1991), soil humus and organic matter (Hwm) and soil dispersion and aeration (Dwm) according to Zarzycki (Zarzycki et al. 2002). The analyses showed that relationships between hypsometry, soil characteristics and geobotanical indicators were different, depending on land use (forest versus field). Regression models, which were similar for both transects, concern the following pair of variables: soil pH - slope; soil conductivity - elevation; soil moisture - elevation; soil carbon content - elevation; Rwm index . elevation; species number - soil carbon content. The following significant relationships were specific only for the forest transect: C:N ratio - slope and curvature, species number - soil nitrogen content; Rwm index - soil pH. For the field transect the relations between the geobotanical indicators and the properties of the soil are specific like for the pairs: Fwm index - soil moisture, Rwm index - soil moisture and nitrogen content, Hwm index - C:N ratio, Dwm index - nitrogen content. In general, the modifying influence of land use on the values of soil and vegetation parameters is weakly distinguished in the upper parts of both transects, and the most significant on the slopes, within the transition zone. The results of our studies should be useful in modelling of hydrological and geo-chemical relations, especially with respect to small catchment areas, in determination of carbon reserves, as well as in planning of sustainable landscape.

8

Wykorzystanie świadczeń ekosystemów w rozwoju regionów

Degórski M.

Ekonomia i Środowisko

|

2010

|

nr 1

85--97

PL

Celem niniejszej pracy jest wykazanie potencjalnych możliwości wykorzystania świadczeń ekologicznych w polityce regionalnej ukierunkowanej na rozwój gospodarczy regionu, z uwzględnieniem jakości życia człowieka i zachowaniem najcenniejszych zasobów przyrody i walorów krajobrazowych.

EN

The aim of the paper is to present a new view of the environment and its role in regional development as well as to assess environmental conditions as factors potentially supporting new spatial patterns. The paper also points out the multifunctionality of natural space in creating new challenges for regional policy in the quest for attractiveness of the regions. Today, environmental economy is associated with a diversity of views on the economic impact of ecosystem services and pro-environmental investments, particularly those associated with protection of the environment and landscape and the effort to maintain or increase the attractiveness of an area. In line with the model for creation of reality some aspects of ecosystem services have been shown. In short, it is being treated as an important factor of regional economic development, together with economic and social factors determining future directions of development, ways in which it is to be achieved and means of its implementation and consequences.

9

Morpholithological genesis and soil properties of the pine forest ecosystems in relation to the North-South transect in Europe

Degórski M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2003

|

Vol. 51, nr 4

441-459

EN

The influence of the geographically differentiated pedogenic factors on the properties of the podzolic soils of the pine forest ecosystems located along a meridional transect stretching between northern Finland (69 stopni 44 minuty N) to southern Poland (50 stopni 28 minut N) was studied. The geographical trends in soil properties and the diagnostic soil features were determined. The results of many years of research on the spatial differentiation of the properties of podzolic soils confirmed the relations between the geographical differentiation of the pedogenic factors, the spatial variability of the structures of the soil cover, and the spatial variability of soil properties. In addition, an essential role of the soil in the functioning of boreal pine forest ecosystems was demonstrated. The following results can be drawn on the basis of the results obtained: 1) the spatial differentiation of the soil cover analysed is associated with the age of the original sedimentation, the texture properties of the substrate from which the pedons developed, the hygro-thermal properties of climate, and the structure of the vegetation cover; 2) along with the increase of the age of the soils towards south and the decrease of the humid character of climate the increase of the following parameters was noted: content of quartz and of the resistant minerals, the value of grain abrasion index (Wo), the value of the nonhomogenous index (Nm), the deficit of moisture, the thickness of the soil's solum, the ratio Ch:Cf, the degree of humification, the absolute content of the hydrogen ions, the contents of the bivalent cations in the sorption complex of the soils. The decrease was also noted of: the content of the non-resistant minerals, the value of the average grain diameter indicator (AGD), the thickness of the organic horizon (O), the storage of the organic carbon in the entire pedon, the content of the ammonia salts in the mineralised nitrogen, the saturation of the sorption complex of the soils with hydrogen cations, the total content of phosphorus and of the phosphorus accessible for plants, the value of the Schwertmann's indicator, and the value of the illuviation indicator after Mokma; 3) the highest ecological efficiency, as measured with the enzymatic activity, is displayed by the soils of the central part of the area considered.

10

Local variability of soil properties of forest stands along the North-South climatic transect in Europe

Degórski M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2003

|

Vol. 51, nr 4

461-469

EN

The differentiation of the properties of soils at the level of pedons constitutes one of the most essential elements of the functional-structural analysis of the ecosystems. The purpose of the studies presented in this paper was to assess the spatial variability of the soil cover as conditioned by the micro-habitat differentiation and expressed through the variability of thickness of the genetic horizons for individual pedons, as well as spatial differences in acidity, moisture, conductivity, and organic carbon content. The studies were conducted on podzolic soils covered with forest vegetation. The results of studies carried out and described here indicate an influence of the local topo-habitat conditions on the spatial variability of soil properties. the following results can be drawn on the basis of the results obtained: 1) within the organic horizon the highest spatial differentiation of the properties considered was observed in the soils of Finland and Norway, while within the humus and enrichment horizons it was greater in the soils of the Polish part of the study area; 2) an exception to the above regularity is constituted by moisture; the highest spatial differentiation at this factor within all the genetic horizons was always observed in the soils characterised by its highest values; 3) spatial differentiation of the properties analysed is greater within the organic and humus horizons than in the enrichment horizon; 4) the biggest differences between the particular variants of the experiment, implemented during the four years of study, were displayed by: a) within the organic layer - the pedons of the northern and central parts of the study area, fromm Norway to Latvia, b) within the humus layer - the marginal pedons of FN1 and PL3 as well as the pedons of the central part of the study area - from Lithuania and Latvia, c) within the enrichment layer - the pedons of the Polish part of the study area; 5)interdependence was observed between the length of the micro-transects and the variability of the soil properties analysed; and 6) the strongest interrelation between the analysed properties were registered for the moisture - organic carbon content and moisture - conductivity.