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Origin of parautochthonous Polish moldavites : a palaeogeographical and petrographical study

Szopa K., Badura J., Brachaniec T., Chew D., Karwowski Ł.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2017

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Vol. 87, No. 1

1--12

EN

In this article, the most recent moldavite discoveries in Poland and their host sediments are characterised and discussed. They were discovered at Lasów, located about 8 km north of Zgorzelec (Poland) and Görlitz (Germany), about 700 m from the Polish-German border, close to the Lusatian Neisse (Nysa) River. The tektites were collected from Vistulian (Wiechselian) glacial age sand and gravel of a closed quarry pit, associated with the river terraces. In the Lasów area, the moldavite-bearing sediments are Pleistocene in age and represent Lusatian Neisse terrace deposits. They were redeposited from the upper part of the drainage basin of the Lusatian Neisse, probably washed out from the Miocene sediments that filled the Zittau Depression, the Berzdorf–Radomierzyce Depression, the Višňová Depression and the tectonically uplifted Izera Mts. and Działoszyn Depression. The erosion of Miocene deposit occured on a large scale in the uplifted foothills of the Upper Miocene Izera, Lusatia and Kaczawa complexes. The sediment cover was removed from the Działoszyn Depression. The drainage basin of the Lusatian Neisse is the area where moldavites were formed by the Nördlinger Ries impact. The source area of moldavite is the same for the Miocene deposits around Gozdnica, as well as for the Pleistocene sediments at Lasów.

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Geochemistry and growth morphology of alkali feldspar crystals from an IAB iron meteorite : insight into possible hypotheses of their crystallization

Słaby E., Karwowski Ł., Majzner K., Wirth R., Muszyński A., Birski Ł., Simon K., Domonik A., Moszumańska I., Orłowski R.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2017

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Vol. 87, No. 2

121--140

EN

Alkali feldspar crystals have been recognized in the troilite-graphite nodules of the Morasko IAB iron meteorite. Their chemical, microtextural and structural properties were studied using electron microprobe analysis (EMPA), laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The feldspars occur as perthitic or antiperthitic intergrowths, whereas the albite lamellae are perfectly twinned. The structural properties reveal intergrown phases with fairly disordered patterns. The electron microprobe analyses demonstrate that the intergrown phases are mainly rich in sodium or potassium, resulting in compositions that are close to those of albite or orthoclase. The compositions, calculated on the basis of a segmented perthite-antiperthite image, showed that the Or-to-Ab proportions in the homogenized crystals were almost 0.3:0.7, thus indicating that the anorthoclase crystallized under high-temperature conditions. Two hypotheses of crystal formation could account for these characteristics: crystallization from a melt or from a metasomatic solution. Relics with evidence of metasomatic replacement of former minerals were not found. Accordingly, this work focuses on arguments that support the other hypothesis. Large ion lithophile elements (LILEs, e.g., Ba, Sr, Rb, LREE, Pb, and Ga) were used to track the origin of the crystals. Their concentrations indicate crystallization from a parent melt strongly depleted in LILEs. Alkali feldspar is commonly a product of a highly differentiated melt. However, highly differentiated melts are typically enriched in LILEs, which here is not the case. The melt that crystallized the feldspar cannot be related to impact-induced partial melting of the chondritic material alone. The derived melt probably was contaminated by silica-rich target material during interaction between the IAB projectile and the target material and was accompanied by metal and sulphide melts that were both immiscible with a silicate melt.

3

Kamienie żarnowe do rozcierania rud ze stanowiska nr 8 w Dąbrowie Górniczej - Łośniu

Garbacz-Klempka A., Karwowski Ł., Rozmus D.

Hereditas Minariorum

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2016

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Vol. 3

177--191

PL

Przedstawiony komunikat jest pierwszym opracowaniem kamieni żarnowych znalezionych we wczesnośredniowiecznej (druga polowa XI w oraz druga połowa XII w.) osadzie hutniczej w Dąbrowie Górniczej – Łośniu, związanej z wydobyciem i wytopem ołowiu i srebra. Wybór kamieni żarnowych został poddany badaniom petrograficznym, a dwa zabytki kamienne zbadano metodą spektroskopii fluorescencji rentgenowskiej (XRF) pod kątem obecności na powierzchni kamieni pierwiastków metalicznych. Jak stwierdzono ślady pierwiastków metalicznych obecne są w grudkach materiału obcego w stosunku do struktury kamienia, „wprasowanych” w istniejące w kamieniach żarnowych pory. Podsumowując można stwierdzić, że pochodzące z warstw wczesnośredniowiecznych (druga połowa XI do drugiej połowy XII w.) kamienie żarnowe oznaczone jako zabytek 166/III/w. 31 oraz zabytek 139/IX w. 92 służyły do mielenia rudy. Świadczy o tym zestaw pierwiastków charakterystycznych dla rudy cynku i ołowiu z domieszką srebra odkrytych w porach kamienia żarnowego. Gdyby to była glejta (PbO) nie stwierdzono by śladów cynku i srebra. Kamienie żarnowe odkryte w warstwach średniowiecznych związanych z pochodzącym z przełomu XIII / XIV w. dworem, mogły natomiast służyć do mielenia zboża na mąkę.

EN

The following notice constitutes the first treatment of quern-stones found in the early medieval (second half of the 11th c. and the second half of the 12th c.) metallurgical settlement in Dąbrowa Górnicza-Łosień, associated with the extraction and smelting of lead and silver. A selection of the quern-stones was subjected to petrographical research, and two stone monuments were examined by means of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) in order to seek the presence of metallic elements on the surface of the stone. It was established that traces of metallic elements occur in the lumps of material which is alien in reference to the structure of the stone. These traces are “ingrained” in the pores of the quern-stones. In conclusion, one may state that the quern-stones derived from early medieval strata (second half of the 11th c. until the second half of the 12th c.) marked as monument 166/III/w. 31 and monument 139/IX w. 92 were used to grind ores. Testimony to this is furnished by the set of elements peculiar to zinc and lead ore with admixtures of silver that were found in the pores of a quern-stone. If this were massicot (PbO), no traces of zinc or silver would have been found. The quern-stones discovered in the early-medieval strata associated with the court dating back to the turn of the 14th century may have been used to grind wheat into flour.

4

New moldavites from SW Poland

Brachaniec T., Szopa K., Karwowski Ł.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2016

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Vol. 66, no. 1

99--105

EN

Four newly discovered moldavites from the East and West Gozdnica pits, SW Poland, are characterized. All specimens, including other four, reported earlier, are from Upper Miocene fluvial sediments of the Gozdnica Formation. Their weight varies between 0.529 and 1.196 g. The moldavites are bottle green in colour and have bubbles and inclusions of lechatelierite. Low degree of corrosion suggests short river transport, apparently eastward from Lusatia.

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Spherules associated with the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary in Poland

Brachaniec T., Karwowski Ł., Szopa K.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2014

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Vol. 64, no. 1

99--108

EN

The succession of the Lechówka section near Chełm in south-eastern Poland presents the first complete record of the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) boundary in Poland. Samples of the boundary clay were examined for microtektites and shocked minerals to confirm the impact origin of the sediment. The spheroidal fraction reveals morphological and mineralogical features, e.g., spherules, similar to material from the K–Pg boundary as described from elsewhere. The impact genesis of the spherules is confirmed by the presence of nickel-rich spinel grains on their surfaces. The spinels are considered to be primary microlites and, thus, the spherules at Lechówka can be classified as microkrystites. No shocked minerals were noted. The deposits with spherules comprise Aland Mg-rich smectite (Cheto smectite). This almost pure Mg-rich smectite, forming up to 100% of the clay fraction, derived from the weathering of the impact glass. It is proposed that the spherules isolated from the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary clay at Lechówka come from the Chicxulub crater in Mexico.

6

The first Polish tektites: preliminary SEM investigation

Brachaniec T., Szopa K., Karwowski Ł.

Contemporary Trends in Geoscience

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2013

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Vol. 2, iss. 1

18--21

EN

In Lower Silesia, the first Polish moldavites were discovered. To recognize the primary chemical composition and check the morphology of investigated material SE and BSE images were used. The samples show presence of vesicles, which are one of the most typical features of tektite glass. Referring to the preliminary EDS results and comparing them with literature data, it can be assumed that in all cases the base material for all known moldavites was the same.

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SEM studies of ore minerals in skarns from Garby Izerskie, Karkonosze-Izera block, south-western Poland

Rybicki M., Karwowski Ł., Banasik K.

Contemporary Trends in Geoscience

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2013

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Vol. 2, iss. 1

61--66

EN

In “Stanisław” quarry, that is located on Garby Izerskie, ore minerals-bearing calcsilicate skarns were found in 2009. The samples were studied using microscopical method of reflected light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Based on SEM study, the predominant ore minerals in investigated samples are chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, bismuth telluride and native bismuth. Moreover, acanthite, native gold and native silver were also identified. Our studies are the first report of above mentioned minerals from the Garby Izerskie area.

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Polymetallic mineralization in Ediacaran sediments in the Żarki-Kotowice area, Poland

Karwowski Ł., Markowiak M.

Mineralogia

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2012

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Vol. 43, iss. 3/4

199--212

EN

In one small mineral vein in core from borehole 144-Ż in the Żarki-Kotowice area, almost all of the ore minerals known from related deposits in the vicinity occur. Some of the minerals in the vein described in this paper, namely, nickeline, hessite, native silver and minerals of the cobaltite-gersdorffite group, have not previously been reported from elsewhere in the Kraków-Lubliniec tectonic zone. The identified minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrite, marcasite, sphalerite, Co-rich pyrite, tennantite, tetrahedrite, bornite, galena, magnetite, hematite, cassiterite, pyrrhotite, wolframite (ferberite), scheelite, molybdenite, nickeline, minerals of the cobaltitegersdorffite group, carrollite, hessite and native silver. Moreover, native bismuth, bismuthinite, a Cu- and Ag-rich sulfosalt of Bi (cuprobismutite) and Ni-rich pyrite also occur in the vein. We suggest that, the ore mineralization from the borehole probably reflects post-magmatic hydrothermal activity related to an unseen granitic intrusion located under the Mesozoic sediments in the Żarki-Pilica area.

9

Sołtmany meteorite

Karwowski Ł.

Meteorites

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2012

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Vol. 2, No. 1-2

15--30

EN

This paper presents the results of a mineralogical and petrological study of the Sołtmany meteorite, which fell on April 30, 2011 in northern Poland. The meteorite was found almost immediately after it fell and has been little altered by weathering. Sołtmany is not the only observed fall of an L6 chondrite over Europe in the past few years. The preceding fall of this type, Jesenice (Slovenia), was also witnessed in April of 2009. However, it was not until several weeks after the fall that the first specimen of Jesenice was found, whereas Sołtmany was collected after a few minutes and submitted for analysis within a couple of days. The author presents mineral and petrographic features and chemical characteristics of mineral phases in Sołtmany. The mineral components are represented by metallic phases (kamacite, taenite, tetrataenite, native copper), as well as chromite, olivine, low and high-calcium pyroxene, feldspar, chlorine-bearing apatite, and merrillite. This study also describes the texture of the meteorite and takes notice of a low number of preserved chondrules and the presence of oval chondrule like areas, which exhibit a metamorphosed, recrystallized texture. Sołtmany was classified as an L6 ordinary chondrite with a weathering grade of W0. A shock stage S2 was determined on the basis of undulose extinction and lack of planar fractures in olivine crystals.

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New finds in the Morasko meteorite preserve, Poland

Karwowski Ł., Pilski A. S., Muszyński A., Arnold S., Notkin G., Gurdziel A.

Meteorites

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2011

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Vol. 1, No. 1

21-28

EN

In result of searching in the Morasko preserve for the documentary series Meteorite Men two irons were found below ground. A 544-g shrapnel-like with weak shock deformations, mildly weathered, at low depth, and 34-kg individual, with its upper surface 156 cm deep, with a thick shell of clay and weathering minerals. Of particular interest is presence of chukanovite, a mineral discovered in the Dronino iron meteorite. Morasko is the second meteorite, where chukanovite could be found. The recovery of a new specimen so much deeper than the previous depth record, suggests that further, more detailed surveys should be conducted in the future with improved metal detecting equipment. Moreover, the larger specimen was found embedded in a Miocene clay, which demonstrates that it fell from the sky at that exact spot and was not deposited in glacial terminal moraine.

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Magmatyzm i metamorfizm strefy tektonicznej Kraków-Lubliniec jako przesłanki występowania złóż polimetalicznych

Truszel M., Karwowski Ł., Lasoń K., Markiewicz J., Żaba J.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2006

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nr 418

55-103

PL

Wzdłuż strefy tektonicznej Kraków-Lubliniec tworzącej kontakt pomiędzy blokami małopolskim i górnośląskim stwierdzono występowanie licznych przejawów magmatyzmu, w rejonie Myszkowa, Zawiercia, Pilicy, Doliny Będkowskiej i Koziegłów (Mysłowa) oraz Żarek. Powstanie intruzji granitoidów łączy się z wielofazową ewolucją strukturalną tej strefy, której szczególnie duża aktywność zaznaczyła się pod koniec syluru i w karbonie górnym. Mineralizacja kruszcowa występuje zarówno w skałach magmowych jak i w zmetamorfizowanych skałach osłony (wendyjskich i paleozoicznych). Skały magmowe to genetycznie różnorodna asocjacja skał intruzywnych: granitoidów (głównie granodiorytów, rzadziej granitów), porfirów (dacytów), dolerytów (diabazów) i gabr. Przeobrażenia o charakterze metamorfizmu regionalnego (facja zieleńcowa) zaznaczyły się tylko w utworach kompleksu wendyjskiego, natomiast metamorfizm termiczny i termiczno-metasomatyczny, będący efektem oddziaływania granitoidowych intruzji na skały otaczające, obejmuje utwory: wendu, ordowiku, syluru i dewonu. Okruszcowanie skał wykazuje ścisły związek z oddziaływaniem wysoko stężonych solanek zasobnych w metale, powiązanych genetycznie z kwaśnym magmatyzmem. Pierwiastkami wskaźnikowymi, które mogą mieć znaczenie prognostyczne przy poszukiwaniu zakrytych złóż porfirowych w innych obszarach tego rejonu, są: W, Mo, Cu, Ag, K, F, Sb, Hg, Au, Pb, Ba, As, Zn, Bi i Te.

EN

Numerous occurrences of magmatism are observed in the vicinity of Myszków, Zawiercie, Pilica, Będkowska Valley, Koziegłowy (Mysłów) and Żarki along the Kraków-Lubliniec tectonic zone which is a contact zone of the Małopolska and Upper Silesia blocks. The formation of granitoid intrusion is related to a multiphase structural evolution of the zone whose especially intensive activity took place at the end of the Silurian and Upper Carboniferous. Ore mineralization occurs both in igneous and metamorphic wall rocks (Vendian, Palaeozoic). Igneous rocks consist of a genetically different association of intrusive rocks: granitoids (mainly granodiorites, rare granites), dacites, dolerites (diabases) and gabbros. Alterations, which show regional metamorphic nature (greenschist facies), were recorded only in the Vendian complex formations, while thermal and thermal -metasomatic metamorphism, being the effect of influence of granitoid intrusion into wall rocks, affected Vendian, Ordovician, Silurian and Devonian formations. Ore contents of the rocks show direct relationship with highly concentrated metal-rich salinewaters, closely related to acid magmatism. W, Mo, Cu, Ag, K, F, Sb, Hg, Au, Pb, Ba, As, Zn, Bi and Te are elements-pathfinders which can be applied to searching for covered porphyry deposits in other parts of the region.

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Perovskite from the Międzyrzecze sill near Bielsko-Biała in the Polish Carpathians (the type area of the teschenite association)

Włodyka R., Karwowski Ł.

Archiwum Mineralogiczne

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2000

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T. 53, z. 1-2

109-131

EN

For the first time perovskite has been observed in the western part of the Polish Flysch Carpathians, in the olivine glimmerite sill of the Bielsko-Biala vicinity. Perovskite and titaniferous magnetite belong to the latest minerals, filling the interstices between diopside and phlogopite. Detailed investigations: chemical and thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction as well as infrared and gamma spectroscopy, indicated that the studied perovskite is almost pure CaTiO3 (perovskite sensu stricto) containing only 2.60 to 4.20 wt. % REE2O3, 2.40 to 3.60 wt. % Nb2O5, 0.40 to 1.20 wt. % Fe2O3 and 0.80 to 1.10 wt. % Na2O. The unit cell parameters and tilt angle of the (Ti,Nb,Fe)O6 octahedra are very similar to those typical of the perovskite specimens from other alkaline ultrabasic complexes. Total homogenization of several melt inclusions was achieved at about 1000°C; trapped phases (probably pyrrhotite or chalcopyrite) did not dissolve in the melt inclusion filling. The observed formation of titanite or titaniferous garnets replacing perovskite was controlled by a low leach rate of calcium from perovskite structure and a high activity of SiO2 in hydrothermal fluids. The leaching of Nb and LREE elements, stimulated by perovskite fracturing, was caused by CO2-bearing fluids.

PL

W sillu glimmerytu oliwinowego w Międzyrzeczu Górnym koło Bielska-Białej stwierdzono występowanie perowskitu, wypełniającego interstycja pomiędzy diopsydem i flogopitem. Minerał ten, wspólnie z magnetytem należy do ostatnich faz krystalizujących z niedosyconego krzemionką stopu magmowego. Badany perowskit poddano analizie chemicznej, badaniom metodami rentgenostrukturalnymi, spektroskopii absorbcyjnej w podczerwieni oraz badaniom termicznym. Zarejestrowano ponadto widmo jego promieniowania oraz oznaczono temperatury homogenizacji inkluzji. Stwierdzono tylko niewielkie wahania w składzie chemicznym badanego perowskitu; skład ten pozwala zaliczyć rozważany minerał do grupy perowskitów sensu stricto (CaTiO3). Do głównych jego domieszek należą lekkie ziemie rzadkie grupy cerowej, niob, żelazo oraz sód. Oznaczony skład chemiczny perowskitu z Międzyrzecza, parametry jego komórki elementarnej, jak również kąty dystorsji oktaedru nie odbiegają swymi wartościami od analogicznych oznaczeń dla perowskitów z innych alkalicznych kompleksów ultrazasadowych. Oznaczone temperatury homogenizacji inkluzji stopu wynoszą około 1000 C. Badany perowskit jest minerałem nietrwałym w środowisku działania roztworów hydrotermalnych. Fluidy wzbogacone w CO2 powodowały ługowanie lekkich ziem rzadkich grupy cerowej z jego struktury, zaś roztwory wzbogacone w SiO2 oraz pozbawione dwutlenku węgla powodowały transformację perowskitu w tytanit lub aranaty z szeregu andradyt-melanit-schorlomit.