The state is a specific organisation which fulfils a service role for the nation conducting a special duty of security - i.e. guaranteeing independence and territorial stability as well as ensuring conditions for stable and harmonious development of the country in all social activity areas. Ensuring national security understood in this way requires not only creating several elements responsible for counteracting multidimensional threats but also joining these elements in a coherent management process. The idea of this process for the executive elements rationally taking advantage of the potential is not only to take measures in order to reduce the consequences of emerging multi-aspect national security threats but, most of all, to release their activity within team working and in this way guarantee the synergy effect while conducting national security tasks. Suggested criteria for building such a system will simplify conducting a complex assessment of existing elements participating in the process of counteracting national security threats and also carrying out such a modification so as to create an integrated system that will guarantee stable national security.
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The article presents the concept of creating security policy of the state in the context of discrepant expositions in literature concerning relations between strategy and policy of the state. In the suggested model the competences of the Parliament, President, government and non-governmental analytical centre were ordered as certain domains of these entities in the process of security management of the state. The most essential changes refer to the assumption that the problem of adopting the national security strategy takes place on the Parliament level, whereas its accomplishment on the government administration level. Thus the process of creating the national security policy (Parliament's and Presidents domain) have been separated from its ongoing accomplishment in the strategic concept shape developed by the Council of Ministers in order to ensure security of the state. Furthermore, an important role was assigned to non-governmental analytical centre in the process of developing the National Security Strategy, strategic governmental programmes and conducting strategic security review. The activities mentioned above should influence the increase of transparency and effectiveness of Parliament’s, President’s and government’s activities in the process of ensuring security of the state.
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In literature, the terms "state security" and "national security" still pose many interpretational problems. The article, referring to the constitution and literature definitions, makes an attempt to clarify such terminology dilemmas.
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After passing the resolution on 16 February 1995 by the Polish Parliament concerning the basic problems of the state defence, the Council of Ministers adopted assumptions (9 September 1997) for the armed forces modernisation programme in 1998-2012 (Army 2012 Programme). Currently Poland realises the „Partnership for Peace’ Programme and we are on the stage of ratification of our admission to NATO structures. This compels the need to adapt our economic - defence potential, the armed forces including, to European standards of democratic states members of NATO. The „Army 2012 Programme” stipulates for realisation of two main tasks: ensuring our forces interoperability and compatibility with NATO forces, adapting our air and sea ports to NATO standards. This programme provides the realisation of 11 detailed programmes, the aim of which will be to modernise the systems of reconnaissance, radio electronic warfare, communication and command, air force and anti tank defence. Rational shaping of the state defence effort to build and develop an effectively functioning coalition and national defence system (SOP) requires, among others a detailed knowledge of all economic - defence state issues. It can be achieved by constant watching, analysing and forecasting dynamic changes of economic factors in defence economy.
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The article presents a methodological approach to the state defence expenditures and their participation in shaping the state defence system. These expenditures are characterised on the background of the state defence - economic sector. To evaluate an economic aspect of the state defence, there have been suggested 14 macro-economic factors situated in three basic dimensions: financial, factual and social. Taking into account the dynamics of their changes and using e.g. prospective analysis methods, through analogy and extrapolation, one can forecast the directions of further changes. It should contribute to work out a rational forecast to develop the Polish Republic military potential.
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