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Cooperation behavior of chinese SMEs from the perspective of suppliers

Qi Tian, Zhou Liguo

Polish Journal of Management Studies

2021

Vol. 24, No. 1

281--305

During the economic downturn, the cooperative behavior of the supply chain will change due to the increase of risk level. The purpose of this paper is to measure cooperative behavior more effectively. Therefore, a model of supply chain cooperation is constructed from three dimensions: risk perception, inter-organizational trust and decision preference. Taking the processing trade enterprises in Guangdong Province as a sample and using the structural equation model for analysis, the research found that trust and decision preferences significantly impact cooperative behavior, and decision-making preference partially mediates the relationship between inter-organizational trust and cooperative behavior. However, risk perception has no direct impact on cooperation behavior but has an indirect impact through the mediation of inter-organizational trust and decision-making preferences. Interorganizational trust is partially intervened between risk perception and decision preference. Further, the mediating effect of the inter-organizational trust alone is greater than the dual mediating effect of inter-organizational trust and decision preferences.

W okresie spowolnienia gospodarczego zachowanie kooperacyjne łańcucha dostaw ulegnie zmianie ze względu na wzrost poziomu ryzyka. Celem tego artykułu jest skuteczniejszy pomiar zachowań kooperacyjnych. Dlatego model współpracy w łańcuchu dostaw zbudowany jest z trzech wymiarów: percepcji ryzyka, zaufania między organizacjami i preferencji decyzyjnych. Biorąc za próbę przedsiębiorstwa zajmujące się handlem przetwórstwem w prowincji Guangdong i wykorzystując do analizy model równań strukturalnych, badania wykazały, że zaufanie i preferencje decyzyjne mają istotny wpływ na zachowanie kooperacyjne, a preferencje decyzyjne częściowo pośredniczą w związku między zaufanie i współpraca. Jednak postrzeganie ryzyka nie ma bezpośredniego wpływu na zachowanie w zakresie współpracy, ale pośrednio, poprzez pośrednictwo zaufania między organizacjami i preferencji decyzyjnych. Zaufanie między organizacjami jest częściowo interweniowane między percepcją ryzyka a preferencjami decyzyjnymi. Co więcej, efekt mediacyjny samego zaufania międzyorganizacyjnego jest większy niż podwójny efekt mediacyjny zaufania międzyorganizacyjnego i preferencji decyzyjnych.

Use of Zeolite to Reduce the Bioavailability of Heavy Metals in a Contaminated Soil

Moeen Muhammad, Qi Tian, Hussain Zawar, Ge Qilong, Maqbool Zahid, Jianjie Xu, Kaiqing Feng

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2020

Vol. 21, nr 7

186--196

Soil enrichment with heavy metals plays a significant role in soil pollution which led towards buildup/accumulation of heavy metals in edible crops. This situation causes severe threats to sustainability of ecosystem and humans health. Bioavailability of heavy metals can be restricted by the addition of immobilizing agents. Therefore, a pot experiment was carried out to evaluate the potential of zeolite i.e., ‘clinoptilolite’ as immobilizing agent to reduce the bioavailability of different heavy metals in soil. For this purpose, pots containing soil contaminated with different heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn) was treated with variable concentration of zeolite i.e., 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50 g∙kg^-1 along pots with no addition of ZL as control treatment and incubated for 30, 60 and 90 days. The effectiveness of the applied treatments was evaluated by single metal extraction method in soil using DTPA having 7.3 pH and NH₄NO₃. Results showed that soils treated with ZL exhibited significant increase in soil pH and CEC along reduction in concentration of metals (Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn) as compared to control soil. Among the different concentrations of ZL, the most promising results were achieved with ZL at 50 g∙kg^-1 after 90 days of incubation. It was observed that soil treated with zeolite at 50 g∙kg^-1 showed significantly higher contents immobilized DTPA and NH₄NO₃ concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn after 90 days of incubation when compared with control treatment. The trend of reduction in DTPA extractable concentration of heavy metals was in order of Cd < Pb < Zn 4NO₃ was noticed as follow 16.09, 20.11, 23.83 and 38.37 % respectively but the trend of reduction was Cd < Pb < Zn < Cu. Therefore, reduction in concentration of heavy metals and their accumulation in the soil improved the soil quality. So the addition zeolites can significantly reduce the concentration of heavy metals in the soil although the reduction contents are not satisfactory for the production of food.