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3 2023

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First Report of in Vitro Biological Agent to Biocontrol of Date Palm Stipe Rot Affected by Fusarium brachygibbosum by Using Pergularia tomentosa L., Aqueous Extract

Baba Mohamed Lemine, Essghaier Badiaa, Robledo-Mahón Tatiana, Abidine Mohamed Mahmoud, Aranda Elisabet, Sánchez José, Elemine Brahim Ould, Gallego Eduardo, Sebai Khaled, Vadel Ahmedou

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2023

Vol. 24, nr 9

373--384

Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a specie cultivated in Mauritania. The present study is focused on the potential of the aqueous extract of the Pergularia tomentosa L., as biological control agent against Fusarium brachygibbosum, the main agent of the date palm stipe rot disease in Mauritania. Fungal pathogen was isolated from symptomatic date palm stipe rot disease in Mauritania. The morphological characterization and the molecular identification by sequencing ITS1, ITS2 5.8 RNAr region showed homology of 98% with Fusarium brachygibbosum strain UOA/HCPF 16982 s during in vitro tests on leaves performed to verify its phytopathogenicity. The inhibitory effect of aqueous extract of Pergularia tomentosa L. on the phytopathogenic isolate (Fusarium brachygibbosum) of date palm, on mycelial growth and spore germination was observed. In fact, in vitro on PDA, mycelial growth ranged from 39.23 to 67.7%, depending on the concentration of the aqueous extract of P. tomentosa. The aqueous extract showed a reduction of spore germination varying from 5.3 to 23.8%. The minimum inhibitory concentrations varied from 1 to 100 mg/ml. The various extracts give high antioxidant activities exhibited by DPPH assay. Multivariant analysis by PCA plot and the heatmap were done, to evaluate the correlation between the tested parameters. These results suggest the use of Pergularia tomentosa L., extract as a biological agent to control and reduce damage caused by Fusarium brachygibbosum.

The Study of the Germination Behavior of Forage Species on Substrates Taken from the Soil of Awleigatt National Park in Mauritania

Abidine Mohamed Mahmoud, Cheikh Lemane Mohamed, Dallahi Youssef, Baba Mohamed Lemine, Mahmoud El Weila Mohamed, Soulé Ahmedou, Vadel Ahmedou

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2023

Vol. 24, iss. 6

257--269

Awleigatt National Park (ANP) is a zoological site ensuring both the conservation and restoration of biodiversity on a national scale. In this perspective, the ANP has set as one of its ambitious objectives the autonomy in fodder needs. The objective of this work was to study the adaptability of three forage species (Medicago sativa, Acacia senegal and Dolichos lablab) to the edaphic conditions of the NAP. The adopted approach was to characterize three types of representative ANP soil substrates in order to develop an interpolation map of EC conductivity and pH data. Subsequently, the germination behavior of the three species was studied in the laboratory on three substrates taken from the study area (Dune, Dune flank and Interdune) in the absence and presence of NaCl (0, 50 and 100 Mm). The obtained results show that the soils are basic and the electrical conductivity is higher in the inter-dune substrate. The mapping of the study area corroborates the experimentally obtained data. Germination behavior shows that germination is best on dune and dune flank substrates. The addition of high concentrations of NaCl (100mM) shows that Dolichos lablab is the most resistant to salinity. Medicago sativa and Acacia senegal show low germination capacity both in the absence and in the presence of NaCl, most likely reflecting a low embryonic longevity of the seeds used. The parameters deduced from the germination kinetics curve show that the adverse effect of salinity in the three species is observed at all three germination phases (TL, GSS and CG). As a result, the effect of salinity on germination of all three species is both osmotic and toxic.

Contribution to the Modeling of the Organic Matter of Moroccan Forest Soils within the Context of Global Change – Case Study of the Central Plateau

Dallahi Youssef, Malaainine Mohamed El Imame, Hbiak Ishak, Boujraf Amal, Abidine Mohamed Mahmoud, Orlando Collins Ashianga, Meliho Modeste, El Mderssa Mohamed, Minoubi Abdenaim

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2023

Vol. 24, iss. 8

261--271

Organic matter is a major component of soil. It is of considerable ecological importance given its role in determining soil health, influencing ecosystem productivity and climate. For this reason, it is essential to carry out studies to evaluate its dynamics in natural ecosystems. In this study, the authors aimed to explore the dynamics of soil organic matter (SOM) in forest ecosystems of the Central Plateau in Morocco, as well as to investigate the potential of spectral vegetation indices in modeling SOM. To this end, the soil samples for analysis were collected from 30 sites across three vegetation types, including cork oak, Barbary thuja and scrub (matorral). In addition, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was extracted from Landsat 8 images to be used to model SOM using linear regression. The obtained results showed a weak, although statistically significant (α < 0.05), correlation between NDVI and SOM at 0.45. In addition, only the scrub type showed a statistically significant (α < 0.05) relationship between its corresponding SOM and NDVI, and was therefore retained for modeling. Vegetation type had a statistically strong influence (α <0.01) on SOM, with cork oak and garrigue ecosystems having the highest and lowest SOM contents with 5.61% and 2.36%, respectively. In addition, the highest SOM contents were observed under slightly acidic pH soils on mild, warm slopes at high altitude sites, while the lowest were found in lowland areas with predominantly weakly evolved soil.