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1
Content available The effect of adding effective microorganism and silver compounds to flash point of engine oil
Krakowski Rafał
Combustion Engines
|
2023
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R. 62, nr 1
97--104
EN
The article presents the effect of the effective microorganisms and silver compounds addition on the flash point of new and used oil. The work describes environmentally friendly additives to engine oil. Next the ignition point of the engine oil were described. In the further part, the research stand and methodology were presented. In the main part of the article the flash point values for new and used oil compared to oils with the effective microorganisms and silver compounds addition were shown. New and used oil samples were mixed with effective microorganisms in the form of a liquid (2.5 ml and 5 ml) and ceramic tubes (3 pcs and 6 pcs). In addition, silver solution and silver compounds were mixed in the same amounts as the liquid effective microorganisms. In summary it was stated, that adding of the effective microorganisms to the fresh oil in liquid form causes the flash point to drop significantly. It follows that effective microorganisms in liquid form have a very negative effect on the properties of the oil. In the case of microorganisms in the form of ceramic tubes, which in this larger amount slightly increase this point compared to oil without additives. Regardless of the type of silver and its quantity, very low flash point values were obtained. For used oil the best results are obtained with the addition of microorganisms in liquid form. For the used oil the addition of silver compounds does not have the beneficial effect of restoring the original properties.
2
Content available Research on the effect of the effective microorganisms, silver solution and colloidal nanosilver addition on the engine oil base number (TBN)
Krakowski Rafał
Combustion Engines
|
2021
|
R. 60, nr 4
8--11
EN
In the article, base number as a parameter characterizing the washing and dispersing abilities of engine oil were characterized. Next, the influence of additives enriching engine oils on the natural environment was described. In the further part of the article, the research methodology, applied oil samples with additives of effective microorganisms and silver solution, both for fresh oil and used oil were presented. In addition, the measuring test stand with instrumentation and measuring device was shown. In the main part of the article base number value for fresh and used oil compared to oils with the addition of microorganisms and a solution of silver and colloidal silver were described. Next the analysis of the influence of these additives on the base number value was made. The article was completed conclusions.
3
Content available Research on the effect of the effective microorganisms, silver solution and colloidal nanosilver addition on the engine oil acid number (TAN)
Krakowski Rafał
Combustion Engines
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2021
|
R. 60, nr 3
59--63
EN
In the article, acid number as a parameter characterizing engine oil were characterized. The next part of the article discusses the phenomenon of aging and degradation of engine oil. The factors that influence on this phenomenon have also been analyzed. In the further part of the article, the methodology of testing the used oil samples with the addition of effective microorganisms and silver solution was described. In the main part of the article the measuring test stand and acid number value for fresh and used oil compared to oils with the addition of microorganisms and a solution of silver and colloidal silver was shown. Next the analysis of the influence of these additives on the acid number value was made. The article was completed conclusions.
4
Content available Technical and ecological analysis of different solutions of the power supply of a marine diesel engine
Krakowski Rafał
Journal of KONES
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2019
|
Vol. 26, No. 4
127--134
EN
The article contains provisions on the prevention of sea pollution by ships, including, inter alia, the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, developed in 1973 (MARPOL). The convention aims to protect the marine environment from oil and its derivatives. Special areas, where extraordinary measures have been taken to prevent sea pollution, due to the intensity of ship traffic and the greater threat of damage to the marine environment have also been presented. In the further part of the article, the applicability of various pro-ecological solutions, i.e. the use of catalysts, low-sulphur fuels, and in the case of using residual fuels – exhaust gas scrubbers were described. In the main part of the article, a technical and ecological analysis was made. In addition, difficulties resulting from the use of pro-ecological solutions were described. The costs of using low-sulphur fuel meeting the emission standards, installing the scrubber and modification of the natural gas combustion unit were compared with the assumption of ten years of passenger-car ferry sailing. Then the problems that individual solutions create were shown. In the final part of the article, alternatives to those described, i.e. the liquefied natural gas (LNG) power supply, electric and hydrogen drives were presented.
5
Content available Research into the effects of the effective microorganisms addition on the engine oil viscosity
Krakowski Rafał
Journal of KONES
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2019
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Vol. 26, No. 3
105--112
EN
In the article, changes in the properties of oils during operation were characterized. The main reason for this is the continuous aging process of the used oil caused by the interaction of oxygen contained in the air, which reacts relatively easily with hydrocarbons and the oxidation process is accelerated just by high temperature. Then the problem of microorganisms occurring in petroleum products and their effect on the properties of oils and the operation of the internal combustion engine was presented. The next part of the article presents effective microorganisms, i.e. what they are and how they work, in particular, their composition and appropriate development conditions. In addition, some of their specific applications were briefly described. In the next part of the article, the research methodology, applied oil samples with additives of effective microorganisms, both for fresh oil and used oil were described. In addition, the measuring test stand with instrumentation and measuring device was shown. The main part of the article contains the characteristics of dynamic viscosity as a function of temperature for fresh oil and used oil compared with oils with the addition of microorganisms in liquid form and ceramic tubes. The developed graphs enabled analysis of the effect of the addition of microorganisms on oil viscosity as ecological products.
6
Content available Assessment of the technical condition of a marine diesel engine based on the analysis of the exhaust gases chemical composition
Krakowski Rafał
Combustion Engines
|
2019
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R. 58, nr 2
122--126
EN
In the article, the concept of technical diagnostics in relation to marine engines was characterized. The compression ignition piston engine was presented as a diagnostic object. The next part of the article discusses the composition of exhaust gases with particular emphasis on compounds harmful to the environment. The available test methods for exhaust composition are also briefly described by means indication of the engine and exhaust gas analyzer. The reduction of emission of harmful compounds in the exhaust gases is also described in the article. The main part of the article presents the research object, i.e. the marine diesel engine piston and the exhaust gases analyzer, as well as tests carried out. The tests were performed for the engine in working order and inefficient condition in order to compare them with the simulated damages of injection pump and turbocharger. The article was completed conclusions.
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