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Evaluation of the Effects of Three Chemical Fertilizers on Artemia salina

Naamane Ayoub, El Birgui Kaouthar, Rafii Soumaya, Merbouh Chaimaa, Iounes Nadia, El Amrani Souad

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 5

103--109

EN

As part of eco-toxicological tests on Artemia salina, the impact of the most commonly used fertilizers in Morocco was assessed (Ammonium Sulfate, Ammonium Nitrate, and a mixture of Nitrogen 10%, Phosphorus 30% and Potassium 10%), with Potassium Bichromate (K2Cr2O7) as reference substance at different concentrations (10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320 mg/l), for 24 hours. The results of the statistical study revealed that the lethal effects caused by the three agrochemicals increase with the concentration and vary from one substance to another in a significant way. There is a higher sensitivity to ammonium sulphate (the concentration that kills 50% of the animals: 37.32 mg/l ± 6.09) followed by ammonium nitrate the concentration that kills 50% of the animals: 110.7 mg/l ± 7.11), and a mixture of Nitrogen 10%, Phosphorus 30% and Potassium 10% (the concentration that kills 50% of the animals: 143.13 mg/l ± 23.12). Therefore, Artemia salina exhibits sensitivity to agrochemicals and can be considered as a good biomonitoring tool for future toxicological analysis of agrochemicals.

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Physicochemical Characterization and Metallic Contamination of the Waters of Oued Nfifikh (Morocco)

Merbouh Chaimaa, Kabriti Mohamed, Nahli Abdelmottalib, Rihane Abdeslam, Iounes Nadia

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 1

1--11

EN

Oued Nfifikh is a coastal stream of the Bouregreg and Chaouia watershed (Morocco). It passes through many rural and urban areas and receives different types of liquid and solid discharges from anthropogenic activities adopted along the watercourse. This study aims to evaluate the physicochemical quality of the water from the most accessible sites upstream and downstream of Oued Nfifikh, along with highlighting the impact of human activities on these waters’ quality. For this purpose, water samples were collected and analyzed within normalized methods. Statistical analysis of the collected data shows significant spatial variations (pvalue < 0.05) for pH, electrical conductivity, nitrate and chloride, and for metallic trace elements (Zn, Fe, Ba, Mn, Cr and Al). Unlike (temperature, Pb, Ni, Cu and Cd), whose values do not present statistically significant variations (pvalue > 0.05). The study of the physicochemical quality reveals that the waters at the upstream are classed as good quality, except for site (S2), located at the upstream part of the river, it is affected by human activities. Consequently, its physicochemical composition is quite similar to that of waters of poor quality at the downstream sites. The Principal Component Analysis of the results followed by the Ascending Hierarchical Classification on the same data matrix allowed to regroup the sampling sites with similar characteristics into three distinct groups. A group of highly mineralized waters, a second group dominated by elements indicating urban pollution, and a group of waters with low mineral content and low metallic contamination indicating agricultural pollution.

3

Treatment of Surface Treatment Effluents by Electrocoagulation Process Using Aluminium Electrodes

Namoussi Soukaina, Merbouh Chaimaa, Kabriti Mohamed, Nahli Abdelmottalib, Naamane Ayoub, Chlaida Mohamed, Iounes Nadia

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 1

91--99

EN

The surface treatment industry generates effluents with a high load of highly toxic chemicals which must be treated under increasingly stringent regulation. The aim of this study was to treat the effluents of surface treatment unit of an aeronautical industry by the electrocoagulation process using aluminium electrodes. This process is used to study the performance to remove colloidal load, significant amount of oxidizable material and high levels of various metal elements (Cr, Fe, Zn, Cu and Al) from these effluents, under optimum conditions of pH 7, 8.6A of current intensity and 60 min of application. The electrocoagulation process was found to be effective in reducing turbidity (97.12%), COD (97.5%), SS (97.84%) and conductivity (96.82%), hexavalent chromium (99.99%), Zn (96.82%), Cu (94.3%), Iron (99.9%), Al (91.96%). The treated effluent conformed to the Moroccan standards of surface treatment discharge.

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Physico-Chemical Characterization of an Urban Wastewater Effluent and its Impact on the Receiving Environment: Oued Nfifikh (Morocco)

Merbouh Chaimaa, Namoussi Soukaina, Kabriti Mohamed, Naamane Ayoub, Rihane Abdeslam, Iounes Nadia

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 3

183--193

EN

Oued Nfifikh is among the least studied Moroccan rivers. Thus, the primary aim of this study was to shed light on the quality of this undervalued stream. Its downstream part is affected by one of the most crucial environmental issues. It receives the discharges of wastewater evacuated precariously without prior treatment, which might lead to the degradation of the overall ecological status of this fluvial hydrosystem. This research work aimed to study the physicochemical water quality downstream the river Nfifikh through a monthly monitoring of the physicochemical parameters’ indicator of pollution, from August 2018 to July 2019. The results obtained show that the stream is exposed to high pollution which is mainly organic. Consequently, the wastewater represents a major cause of water quality degradation of this receiving environment: ecological and health impacts are therefore to be expected.

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Evaluation of the Acute Toxicity of an Ammonium Sulfate Fertilizer in Two Species of Anuran Tadpoles: Bufo mauritanicus (Schlegel 1841) and Rana ridibunda (Boulanger 1913)

Naamane Ayoub, Kamtass Sanaa, Namoussi Soukaina, Iounes Nadia, Belhouari Abderrahmane, El Amrani Souad

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 7

1--10

EN

As part of the ecotoxicological tests on anuran tadpoles, the authors propose to study the sensitivity of different stages towards a nitrogenous compound frequently used in Morocco (Ammonium sulphate). For this purpose, the acute toxicity tests on tadpoles of two species (Bufo mauritanicus and Rana ridibunda) belonging to different stages of development were carried out. The lethal effects after 96 hours caused by the pollutant used as a reference (potassium dichromate) as well as ammonium sulfate increase with concentration and vary according to the stage of development. Significant differences were observed in the sensitivity of the tadpoles to pollutants according to the stage of development. The tadpoles belonging to the early stages of development (stage 24 according to Gosner, 1960) show greater acute effects on pollutants than the tadpoles belonging to the advanced stages of development (Stage 36 according to Gosner, 1960). After 96 hours, the lowest effective concentration (LOEC) is observed in the tadpoles belonging to the early stages of development (Stage 24 according to Gosner, 1960) in Rana ridibunda exposed just to the lowest concentration used (20 mg/l of ammonium sulphate). Therefore, ammonium sulfate may play a role in the local decline of amphibians.