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2 Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2 2024

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Novel Organic Preservative Made from Eco-Enzyme of Tempeh Waste: The Effect of Substrate and Fermenter Types

Cundari Lia, Amaliah Shifa Putri, Azzahra Feby, Komariah Leily Nurul, Afrah Bazlina Dawami

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2024

Vol. 25, iss. 2

292--301

Tempeh processing produces waste in the form of liquid and solid waste that can be utilized into eco-enzyme with the addition of yeast and substrate and lemon peel as a companion raw material. This study aimed to produce eco-enzyme from tempeh waste which is then applied as a preservative for mango fruit. The fixed variables in this study are the volume of liquid waste, the amount of epidermis solid waste, the amount of lemon peel, and the amount of yeast and the length of fermentation time. The independent variables were fermenter type (1 and 2) and substrate type (brown sugar (Eco-A), granulated sugar (Eco-B), and molasses (Eco-C)). The results showed that the eco-enzyme products produced were light brown (Eco-A and Eco-C), light yellow (Eco-B) and had a fresh sour aroma typical of lemon peel. The volume of eco-enzyme products after fermentation process were Eco-A1 3.45; Eco-A2 3.27; Eco-B1 3.35; Eco-B2 3.55; Eco-C1 3.25; and Eco-C2 3.36 L. The pH value obtained ranged from 3.05-3.25. Phenol levels ranged from 0.050–0.175 mg/L. The fruit preservation process obtained with Eco-C1 is the best variable, where the mango fruit has a shelf life of up to 16 days, with commercial organic preservatives for 12 days and mango fruit without preservatives has a shelf life of 10 days. The preservative from tempeh waste is potential to develop as a commercial product.

Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature and Biomass Composition on Bio-Oil Characteristics

Afrah Bazlina Dawami, Riady M. Ihsan, Arsadha Juliet Patricia, Rimadhina Rizky, Cundari Lia, Izzah Rosidah Zaatil

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2024

Vol. 25, iss. 3

264--274

Pyrolysis is a method of producing oils from the raw materials of biomass by decomposing the thermochemical of organic materials at a given temperature. Free variables used in this research include pyrolysis temperaturę and biomass composition. The temperature variation of pyrolysis consists of three ranges: 100–200; 200–300; and 300–350 °C. Meanwhile, the composition of biomass consists of five combinations of waste rubber and coconut shells ranging from 0% coconut shell and 100% rubber wood to 80% coconut shell and 20% rubber shell. The physical characteristics of bio-oil analyzed include volume, pH, density, viscosity, and GC-MS analysis to determine its chemical characteristics. Research results showed that the pyrolysis temperature and composition of the biomass affected the characteristics of the bio-oil. The results of GC-MS analysis on bio-oil at 300–350 0C showed that bio-oil with a biomass composition of 80% coconut shells and 20% rubber wood yielded 50.19% phenol. The percentage of phenol is greater than that found in bio-oil with 20% coconut shells and 80% rubber wood, which is 18.78% phenol.