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Postural stability at different heights as well as in natural standing position and during tandem stance in female athletes who practice artistic gymnastics

Omorczyk Jarosław, Wrześniewski Krzysztof, Staszkiewicz Robert, Puszczałowska-Lizis Ewa

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

2021

Vol. 23, no. 3

155--162

Purpose: The aim of this work was the assessment of postural stability at different heights as well as in natural standing position and during tandem stance in female athletes who practice artistic gymnastics. Methods: The study comprised 34 athletes aged 8–12, practicing artistic gymnastics at a sports club „Korona Kraków”. The research tool was CQ-Stab 2P two-platform posturograph. The elevation was achieved using the Light SPL platform. The data were analyzed based on Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Spearman’s rank correlation. Results: The height at which the posturograph was set differentiated the path length of the statokinesiogram, both in the natural stance ( p = 0.035) and tandem stance (p = 0.012). When the posturograph was placed on the floor, statistically significantly higher sway area delimited by the COP point (p < 0.001), statokinesiogram path length (p < 0.001), mean amplitude of COP displacement (p < 0.001) and mean frequency of COP displacement (p = 0.048) values were recorded in the tandem stance position. On the other hand, when the posturograph was placed on a landing, statistically significantly higher sway area delimited by the COP point (p < 0.001), statokinesiogram path length (p < 0.001) and mean frequency of COP displacement (p < 0.001) values were recorded in the tandem stance position. Conclusions: Increasing height was accompanied by deterioration of stability indices. Postural stability improves with training experience.

Gender effect on underwater undulatory swimming technique of young competitive swimmers

Wądrzyk Łukasz, Staszkiewicz Robert, Kryst Łukasz, Żegleń Magdalena

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

2019

Vol. 21, no. 4

3--11

The study aim was determining gender-related differences of underwater undulatory swimming (UUS) kinematic indicators and their impact on UUS velocity. Methods: The study included 18 girls (F: age 16.71 ± 0.64 years, FINA points 551 ± 68) and 23 boys (M: age 16.79 ± 0.57 years, FINA points 533 ± 66) training swimming. After marking characteristic anatomical points, subjects performed approximately 7 meters of UUS. A filming device placed behind the underwater window registered the trial. Recordings were analysed using the SkillSpector programme. Results: Boys swam faster (F: 1.24 m/s, M: 1.35 m/s), overcame a greater distance during one cycle (F: 0.67 m, M: 0.74 m), performed movements with higher toes amplitude (F: 0.58 m, M: 0.63 m), obtained higher amplitude and frequency product (F: 1.05, M: 1.15) and smaller ankle joint range of motion (F: 64°, M: 57°). In both groups, relationships between velocity and: maximal ankle joint extension, distance covered during one cycle and backward toes shift during downward movement were found. The results were statistically significant ( p < 0.05). Conclusions: Girls and boys differed in kinematic indicator level, but UUS velocity depends on identical kinematic variables, meaning UUS technical training can be performed without gender-division.