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Techno-economic Assessment of Retrofitting Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning System – Case Study

Alsalem Yazan, Ayadi Osama, Asfar Jamil Al

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2023

Vol. 24, nr 3

153--168

Retrofitting heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems in existing buildings and applying energy-efficient technologies can significantly reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gases emissions. In this work, two options of HVAC retrofitting were proposed and discussed for the existing heating system of school of engineering at the University of Jordan as a case study. The experimental tests showed that only one of the three diesel boilers work normally while the other two boilers are not efficient, with actual efficiency of 25%. The first retrofitting was to upgrade the existing heating system to a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) boiler system with estimated annual saving of 29,757 Jordanian dinar (JOD), and a payback period of 3.9 years. The second option for retrofitting was a new HVAC system for the building including heating and air conditioning with a variable refrigerant flow (VRF) system and heat pump chiller. The estimated cost showed that the VRF system was the lowest one in running cost in winter. The diesel boilers had the highest greenhouse gas emissions with an average value of 377.3 tons of CO2 per year, while LPG boilers achieved the second highest emissions of around 279 tons of CO2 per year, whereas the heat pump chiller in winter produced 199 tons of CO2 and the VRF system emitted 180 tons in winter. The LCCA economic analysis was performed for the proposed systems, showing that the LPG boilers system was more feasible than the diesel boilers system, while the VRF system was more feasible than the heat pump chiller system.

Design of Stand-Alone Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Hybrid System under Amman Climate

Nsour Wala', Taa'mneh Tamara, Ayadi Osama, Al Asfar Jamil

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2019

Vol. 20, nr 9

1--10

Renewable energy application is gaining a wide acceptance by end users; however, considering the fact that renewable energy is intermittent, variable and cannot be predicted, the need of storage systems is becoming a necessity at both micro and macro levels. Fuel cell technology is one of the most promising storage systems due to the fact that hydrogen has high energy density. This paper presents a design of stand-alone PV-PEMFC hybrid system for a small house under Amman climate. The simulation results show that the optimal size of PV array, fuel cell (PEMFC), inverter, electrolyzer (ELE) and H2 Tank capacity were 10 kW, 1 kW, 5 kW, 6 kW, and 5 kg respectively. Hydrogen proved itself as a low carbon energy source, which is environmental friendly and characterized with high energy content per unit mass. Due to fuel cells technology, hydrogen can be used for inter-season storage.