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1
Content available Prospects for the Use of Renewable Energy Sources while Increasing the Energy Efficiency Level of Office Buildings to the Level of nZEB
Deshko Valerii, Bilous Inna, Buyak Nadiya, Naumchuk Olena
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
|
2023
|
Tom 25
148--158
EN
According to the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD), all new buildings must be constructed using technologies that will ensure almost zero energy consumption by the building through renewable energy sources and an energy-efficient thermal envelope. To assess the possibilities of reconstructing an existing building following the requirements of the EPBD in Ukraine, we have presented possible ways to modernise an office in Kyiv using renewable energy sources (biomass, heat pump) at different levels of thermal protection. Based on dynamic modelling results in the DesignBuilder software environment, the technical, environmental and economic aspects of building modernisation using near-Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB) technologies have been investigated. In particular, the authors have analysed the possibilities of using different modes of heat pump operation to provide heat to a building of different levels of thermal protection in the GeoTSOL software environment. The results obtained can be used to assess the benefits of improving the energy efficiency of a building using different types of renewable energy sources.
2
Content available Impact of Heating System Local Control on Energy Consumption in Apartment Buildings
Deshko Valerii, Bilous Inna, Maksymenko Oleksandra
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
|
2023
|
Tom 25
77--85
EN
Improving the energy efficiency of residential buildings is ensured by improving the thermal protection characteristics and the wider introduction of control tools. In order to take into account the influence of individualisation of operating conditions, the study of the regulation of heating distribution of a single-pipe system with bypassed heating devices of a 5-storey typical for Ukraine mass building of the 80s after thermos-modernisation for conditions in Kyiv and Warsaw (Poland) was carried out. On the basis of the simulation model created in the Mathcad software environment for design/rated and average climatic conditions, the influence of internal heat flows into adjacent rooms on the distribution of energy consumption, changes in internal air temperature under the influence of local changes in the heating device flow coefficients were studied. The developed approaches, and the results obtained on the influence of local regulation of devices of vertical single-pipe heating systems can be used to clarify the distribution of energy consumption for heating between individual zones of apartment buildings.
3
Content available remote Influence of heating and ventilation modes on the energy consumption of university educational buildings under quarantine conditions in Ukraine
Deshko Valeriy, Bilous Inna, Boiko Tetyana
Journal of New Technologies in Environmental Science
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2022
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Vol. 6, nr 1
36--40
EN
The global pandemic COVID-19 caused Ukrainian institutions continued their work in a blended learning mode or completely switched to remote mode. The paper analyzes the university educational building energy consumption for the heating season under quarantine and normal conditions. Building dynamic energy model in the DesignBuilder software was created. According to the results of modeling partial use of the building during quarantine allows to reduce the consumption of heat energy by 61.32%. Simultaneously the specific heat energy consumption of separated heated rooms increases by 68.86% under the influence of heat exchange with unused premises.
4
Content available Сhanging Energy and Exergy Comfort Level after School Thermomodernization
Buyak Nadia, Deshko Valeriy, Bilous Inna
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
|
2021
|
Tom 23
458--469
EN
Increasing the level of thermal resistance of the building envelope in combination with the choice of heat source is an urgent task. It is important to take into account changes in the cost of energy over time. Thermal modernization, in its turn, allows to increase the level of thermal comfort, which is not taken into account and evaluated in practice, although the relevant standards for comfort conditions and categories of buildings to ensure comfort have been introduced in Ukraine. This paper analyzes the change in the level of comfort after thermal modernization, determines the category of the building to provide comfortable conditions, as well as identifies the change in the average radiation temperature of the fences, as one of the main factors of PMV change in these conditions.
5
Content available Transient Energy Models of Housing Facilities Operation
Deshko Valerii, Bilous Inna, Biriukov Dmytro, Yatsenko Olena
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
|
2021
|
Tom 23
539--551
EN
Buildings are the main consumer of energy resources in the total energy balance of the countries in Central and Eastern Europe, the main energy consumption is allocated for heating. Efficient use of energy resources for heating needs to a large extent depends on the efficiency of regulation of heating systems. In the article, dynamic mathematical models of a two-room typical apartment in Ukraine, built in 2016, were developed in Matlab and EnergyPlus software environment. The simulations were carried out using IWEC hourly climate data for the city of Kyiv. The results of simulations of thermal energy consumption in Matlab are characterized by a larger range of fluctuations of the heating system load, which is typical for the real operating conditions of the system with the controller of ON/OFF type. In EnergyPlus it is assumed that the gas boiler operates continuously in the ON mode. In the research, the change of load on the apartment heating system was studied at different numbers and locations of air temperature control sensors installation, according to which the controller of the autonomous gas boiler operates.
6
Content available remote Modeling of unsteady temperature regimes of autonomous heating systems
Deshko Valeriy, Bilous Inna, Biriukov Dmytro
Journal of New Technologies in Environmental Science
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2021
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Vol. 5, nr 3
91--99
EN
The paper analyzes the energy consumption for heating a two-room apartment based on dynamic modeling of energy processes in Matlab software environment and quasi-stationary model EN ISO 13790, which is the basis of the national standard of Ukraine DSTU B A.2.2-12:2015. A comparison of the results of modeling, taking into account the thermal interaction between the zones of the building, using a dynamic model was carried out. A comparative analysis of the installation of air temperature sensors in rooms, the signal from which is used to operate the On-Off controller, is presented. Recommendations on the installation of room temperature sensors and their number are provided.
7
Content available Integrated Approaches to Determination of CO2 Concentration and Air Rate Exchange in Educational Institution
Deshko Valerii, Bilous Inna, Vynogradov-Saltykov Volodimer, Shovkaliuk Maryna, Hetmanchuk Hanna
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
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2020
|
Tom 22, cz. 1
82--104
EN
Many old public buildings in Central and Eastern Europe are characterized by low energy efficiency and often lack of mechanical ventilation. The general trends are aimed to improve the energy efficiency of the building sector and to provide comfort conditions. The indoor air quality can be determined based on the CO2 concentrations. In the article, a complex approach to the definition and analysis of data on the indoor CO2 concentration and the air exchange rate in educational institutions at natural air exchange and in the absence of mechanical air circulation was implemented. Educational institutions in Kyiv have been considered. The study of the CO2 concentration of indoor and outdoor air of three typical schools of mass development in the 80 s, as well as the training building of Igor Sikorsky KPI, was carried out. Experimental determination of the background CO2 concentration during the day next to the considered objects showed that the background concentration of CO2 is in the range of 400-420 ppm. Measurements of the CO2 concentration distribution were carried out after classes throughout the classroom area, according to which the difference between the values at the level of the working area was 30...180 ppm. It was found that the concentration of CO2 varies during classes between 700-1100 ppm. During the break, the CO2 concentration decreases to 500-1000 ppm, depending on the type of ventilation. Experimental data on the dynamics of changes in the indoor CO2 concentration are used to determine the air exchange rate based on balances of air flows and CO2. It is shown that the number of present persons influences the indoor CO2 concentration more significantly than the air exchange rate. On the example of an experimental study of the CO2 concentration in the classrooms for high school students it was found that the air exchange rate during the classes is in the range of 0.4...0.75 h-1. During breaks the air exchange rate increases to 2.9-3.5 h-1. For the range considered, the weighted average air exchange rate is 0.8 h-1, and even with forced airing, the air exchange rate is insufficient to ensure acceptable CO2 concentration. For the training building of Igor Sikorsky KPI a field experiment was carried out to determine the dynamics of changes in CO2 concentration in time and on the basis of it the air exchange rates for representative classrooms were determined. The concentration of CO2 ranged from 500 to 2000 ppm and increases by 350-850 ppm depending on the use and location of classrooms. Based on experimental data, the air exchange rate for the training building of the education institution is in the range of 0.35-0.7 h-1. During the periods of airing the air exchange may increase by 0.45 h-1, but this does not allow reaching the standard value. When analyzing the obtained results, simulation models of natural air exchange of the examined classrooms were used on the basis of the improved ASHRAE method. The natural air exchange rate based on simulations is in the -0.8…0.5 h-1 range. Negative values are explained by exfiltration, which is typical for the upper floors. Not only the comfort and condition of the building envelope, but also the total energy consumption of the building depend on the actual level of air exchange rate. In the total energy balance the ventilation component is 30-60%. Further use of the obtained results can be connected with monitoring of the actual level of air exchange rate and its consideration during complex modernization or implementation of the ventilation systems with heat recovery in the premises of educational institutions.
8
Content available remote Dynamic modeling of energy need for heating and thermal comfort dependence on building envelope characteristics
Deshko Valeriy, Buyak Nadia, Bilous Inna
Journal of New Technologies in Environmental Science
|
2019
|
Vol. 3, nr 1
10--19
EN
The analysis based on dynamic modeling of the parameters changing effect of the building envelope on the thermal state has been carried out. The influence on the building energy need for heating of the mass building thermal inertia features for various thermal resistances and the different glazing area under the condition of constant room air temperature was investigated. The influence of changes in environmental parameters during the heating period on the parameters of thermal comfort and on average radiant and operating temperature for various variants of building envelope, glazing area of the windows and massiveness of envelope has been also investigated.
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