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The Influence of the City of Przemyśl on the Quality of Water in the San River

Kaleta Jadwiga, Puszkarewicz Alicja, Papciak Dorota

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 1

76--83

EN

The purpose of this paper was to assess the influence of the city of Przemyśl on the quality of water in the San River. The water analysis carried out by the Voivodeship Environmental Protection Inspector in Rzeszów as part of the operational monitoring in 2014 and in 2017 was used in the study. The concentrations of selected physicochemical indicators determined in two measurement and control points located above and below the city of Przemyśl were taken into account. For each water quality indicator, the minimum and maximum values were determined and the arithmetic averages from the research period were calculated. In addition, the regularly performed indicators were subjected to a detailed statistical analysis. Box plot graphs show the extreme values, the median and the interquartile range. Water quality has been assigned to the appropriate class and category of surface waters. Selected specific pollutants and priority substances in the river water were also analysed. Only the concentration of benzo(a) pyrene at the measuring points did not comply with the environmental quality standards. It was found that the city of Przemyśl has a small influence on the quality of water in the San River. Although there was a deterioration of water quality at the measurement and control point below the city, its class and category did not change.

2

Influence of Water Hardness on the Effectiveness of Coagulation of Humic Compounds

Kaleta Jadwiga, Puszkarewicz Alicja

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 6

126--134

EN

The laboratory tests presented in the article aimed at determining the influence of water hardness on the effectiveness of humic substances removal in the coagulation process. The tests were conducted on three model solutions; very soft water, soft water and semi-hard water. The concentration of humic substances in each solution was equal to 20 mg/dm3. Calcium hydroxide, ferric(III)chloride and aluminium sulphate(VI) were applied as coagulants. On the basis of the conducted tests, it was found that the increased content of calcium, and particularly of magnesium in water, improves the effectiveness of humic substances removal. The process effectiveness expressed by changes in colour and permanganate index was the highest for semi-hard water. A decrease in colour equal to 88.8% and in permanganate index – 72.1% was observed in this case for the largest dose of calcium. Even better results were obtained by applying the remaining coagulants; a decrease in colour amounted to 99%, and in permanganate index to 95%.

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Adsorption of Chromium (VI) on Raw and Modified Carpathian Diatomite

Puszkarewicz Alicja, Kaleta Jadwiga

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 7

11--17

EN

The paper presents the research on the usability of natural Carpathian diatomite for removing chromate ions from water solutions. The concentration of chromium (VI) in test water was C0 = 1 g/m3. Both raw diatomite and the diatomite modified with iron compounds of granulation 0.5–1.0 mm were tested. The process kinetics, as well as the effect of water reaction and the diatomite type on chromium sorption were determined under static conditions (no through flow). For both diatomite types, the chromium adsorption proceeded most effectively at pH 4. The effect of diatomite modification with iron compounds on the effectiveness of chromium (VI) adsorption was determined on the basis of Freundlich adsorption isotherm. Compared to raw diatomite, the modified adsorbent (diatomite-Fe) exhibited great sorption capacity for chromate ions from water. When applied under dynamic conditions (v = 4 m/h), as filtration bed, it removed chromium compounds from water very effectively. It makes diatomite-Fe material a promising candidate for application in water treatment systems. The chromium concentration in the effluent oscillated within Ck = 0.001–0.002 mg/dm3, and the adsorption capacity of the bed, determined in the bed breakthrough point, reached Pp = 316.8 mg/kg.