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Gazownictwo miejskie na terenie województwa poznańskiego w okresie międzywojennym

Urbaniak Miron

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2021

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T. 66, nr 4

191--211

EN

Established in 1919, the Poznań Province covered almost entirely the former Prussian Poznań Province (Provinz Posen) and initially comprised 118 cities, which decreased to 101 in 1938. On the eve of World War I, as many as 80 out of 129 cities had gas in Provinz Posen, and nearly 1/4 of them were supplied with gas from miniature gasoline gas plants. In the wake of World War I and immediately after its end, most small gasoline plants and numerous coal gas plants were shut down and eventually permanently closed down. In total, almost all gasoline and one acetylene gas plant (19 in total), as well as five coal plants, went bankrupt in the Interwar period. Of the latter type, there was a plant in Czempiń, which was shut down only around 1938, after the town was electrified. Ujście is another addition to the list, as it ceased to supply gas from Schneidemühl (Piła) in the mid-1930s. Ultimately, in 1939, gas was used in 43 out of 101 cities in the Province, which was also due to the fact that some of the gas-supplied cities had been moved to the Pomeranian Province a year before. In the Interwar period, several key factors influencing the gasworks in Greater Poland can be observed: the aforementioned liquidation of many gas plants and the transition from gas to electricity in many cities; reconstruction and relaunching of some coal gas plants; and - finally - modernization, combined with optimization of technological processes and expansion of existing gas plants. In the case of several cities, i.e. Międzychód, Nakło nad Notecią and Strzelno, the problem of communalization of plants owned by private German companies should also be noted, as well as Polish-German cooperation in terms of gas supply to the Polish Ujście gas plant from Schneidemühl (Piła).

2

Gazownie komunalne Poznania i Lwowa na początku XX w. Próba charakterystyki i porównania ich rozwoju

Urbaniak Miron

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2019

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T. 64, nr 1

57--75

EN

The Poznań and Lwów gasworks were established in the 1850s; the former being an urban enterprise, the latter a private company. At the beginning of the 20th century, the gasworks and the entire gas infrastructure in Lwów were seriously outdated as compared to Poznań in terms of the volume of production and technology. After the municipalization of the plant in 1898, Galicia’s capital quickly began to reduce a backlog using the effects of technical progress in Europe. As part of the modernization and expansion of both gasworks in the fi rst decade of the 20th century, modern water-gas plants with Humphreys & Glasgow systems were commissioned in Poznań (1900) and Lwów (1906). Moreover, the gas network and public lighting system were intensively developed in both cities. In 1910, 11.3 million cubic meters of gas fl owed into the municipal network in Poznań, whereas 6.1 million cubic meters did so in Lwów. The number of gas street lights amounted to 3456 and 3541, respectively. In both cities, major extensions of their gasworks were planned in the very years preceding the outbreak of World War I. In Poznań, the investment was implemented to a large extent during World War I, when a unique and innovative Koppers retort house and a dry-seal gas holder with a capacity of 50 thousand cubic meters were built. In Lwów, due to the Russian occupation of the city between 1914 and 1915, ultimately the works had to be stopped. Due to wartime hardships, the planned Glover-West vertical retort house was eventually replaced by the Dessau vertical retort furnace. The retort house was completed in 1917, but the rest of the investment was fi nalized in the fi rst years of the Second Polish Republic. Nevertheless, when the Partitions of Poland ended, both gas plants were among the largest and most modern in terms of technology in the country, in which their directors at the time, Hans Mertens in Poznań and Adam Teodorowicz in Lwów, had considerable merit.

3

Kompleks młyna solnego i magazynów byłej kopalni soli w Wapnie. Uwarunkowania i przesłanki do ochrony XX-wiecznych budowli poprzemysłowych jako trwałej ruiny

Urbaniak Miron

Ochrona Dziedzictwa Kulturowego

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2018

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Nr 6

213--223

PL

W dawnej kopalni soli zniszczonej przez wodę w 1977 r. w małej wiosce Wapno w Wielkopolsce widać z daleka zespół młyna solnego wraz z magazynami solnymi. Zaprojektowane przez prof. Bronisława Bukowskiego (1893-1965), wzniesione w latach 1929-1930 przez C. Lubińskiego i K. Jaskulskiego z Warszawy budynki mają żelbetowy system ramowy i słupową konstrukcję nośną. Układ charakteryzuje ogromna skala, nieproporcjonalna do rzeczywistych potrzeb wioski, co utrudnia wszelkie działania rewitalizacjne i adaptacjne do nowych funkcji. Jednak wartość budynków dla historii i panoramy miasta Wapno, będącym niegdyś stolicą największej w Polsce kopalni soli, dla krajobrazu kulturowego Wielkopolski, a wreszcie dla historii polskiego wydobycia soli i polskiej szkoły betonu i konstrukcji z betonu zbrojonego jest trudna do oszacowania. Dlatego bez względu na pogarszającą się kondycję kompleks powinien być chroniony i zachowany w krajobrazie kulturowym Wielkopolski jako cenny zabytek techniki. Tym samym jedynym sposobem na jego ochronę jest zachowanie go w postaci trwałej ruiny.

EN

In the former salt mine, destroyed by water in 1977, a salt mill complex together with salt warehouses can be seen from a distance in the small village of Wapno in Wielkopolska. Designed under the guidance of prof. Bronisław Bukowski (1893–1965), and erected in 1929–1930 by C. Lubiński and K. Jaskulski from Warsaw, the buildings have a reinforced concrete frame system and a supporting column support structure. The complete setup is characterized by a huge scale, disproportionate to the current needs of a small village, which hinders any possibility of revitalization and adaptation to new functions. However, the value of the buildings for the history and the Wapno panorama, which was once home to the largest salt mine in Poland, for the cultural landscape of Wielkopolska, and finally for the history of Polish salt mining and the Polish school of concrete and reinforced concrete construction, is difficult to be estimated. That is why regardless of the deteriorating condition, the complex should definitely be protected and preserved in the cultural landscape of Wielkopolska as a highly valuable technical monument. At the same time at this point the only way to protect it is to preserve it as a permanent ruin.