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Synchronous fluorescence spectra of water contaminated by dispersed crude oil

Baszanowska Emilia, Otremba Zbigniew

Optica Applicata

2020

Vol. 50, nr 1

161--169

The development of petroleum extraction and transport technology does not ensure complete isolation of these substances from the natural environment. This problem is exacerbated by the location of mining equipment on the sea shelf and the fact that numerous submarine pipelines, tankers and handling terminals can also emit oil pollution. Therefore, the possibility of detecting oil dispersed in the water is particularly important. This paper reports the efforts to identify methods of characterization of the water containing the crude oil emulsion in a very low concentration (a few to several tens of ppm). Due to this, the effect of emulsion concentration on the possibility of its objective characterization using synchronous fluorescence spectra was studied. The similarity of spectra at various oil concentrations was analysed. It has been shown that the stabilization of the shape of synchronous fluorescence spectra occurs at relatively low oil concentrations.

Potential effects of electrical energy transmission : the case study from the Polish Marine Areas (southern Baltic Sea)

Otremba Zbigniew, Jakubowska Magdalena, Urban-Malinga Barbara, Andrulewicz Eugeniusz

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

2019

Vol. 48, No. 2

196--208

The operation of offshore wind turbines and electricity transmission through submarine cables over long distances generate electromagnetic or static magnetic fields (depending on the technical solution) that may modify the natural geomagnetic field and cause induced electric and electromagnetic fields in the water. The present study synthesizes the current knowledge and speculates on the possible environmental impact of electrical energy transfer based on the example of the Polish Marine Areas (southern Baltic Sea). We review the possible effects of the electrical energy induction and transfer against the existing and planned wind turbine installations. Furthermore, we consider different cable design variants as a way of environmental impact mitigation. Possible impacts of induced magnetic fields on marine organisms and, consequently, on the ecosystem functioning are also addressed.