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A proposed Evidential Reasoning (ER) Methodology for Quantitative Assessment of Non-Technical Skills (NTS) Amongst Merchant Navy Deck Officers in a Ship’s Bridge Simulator Environment

Saeed F., Bury A., Bonsall S., Riahi R.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

2018

Vol. 12, no. 3

597--608

Ship’s bridge simulators are very popular in the worldwide training and assessment of merchant navy deck officers. The examiners of simulator courses presently do not have a method to quantitatively assess the performance of a group or an individual. Some examiners use checklists and others use their gut feeling to grade competence. In this paper a novel methodology is established that uses the Evidential Reasoning algorithm to quantitatively assess the Non-Technical Skills (NTS) of merchant navy officers. To begin with, interviews were conducted with experienced deck officers to develop the taxonomy and behavioural markers that would be used in the assessment process. A random selection of students studying towards their Chief Officer’s Certificate of Competency were recruited to have their NTS to be observed in a ship’s bridge simulator. The participant’s behaviour was rated against five criteria and the subsequent data was entered into the Evidential Reasoning algorithm to produce a crisp number. The results that were generated demonstrate that this approach provides a reliable method to quantitatively assess the NTS performance of merchant navy officers in a simulated bridge environment.

A cost benefit analysis approach to identify improvements in merchant navy deck officers’ HELM (Human Element Leadership and Management) training

Saeed F., Bury A., Bonsall S., Riahi R.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

2016

Vol. 10, no. 4

551--560

A review of maritime accidents conducted over the last decade confirms that human error is the main contributing factor in these incidents. Well‐developed Non‐Technical Skills (NTS) can reduce the effects of human error. NTS include both interpersonal and cognitive skills such as situation awareness, teamwork, decision‐making, leadership, managerial skills, communication and language skills. In a crisis situation good NTS allow a deck officer to recognise the problem quickly, take action to manage the situation, and utilise the available team members safely and effectively. This paper identifies the importance of NTS training for merchant navy deck officers. It also highlights room for improvement in the existing HELM training. Research has shown that at present the structure of HELM training is not very effective. The other safety critical domains’ efforts into NTS developments are investigated and examples of best practice are adapted into the maritime domain’s NTS training. Suggestions are given for improvements to the HELM course based on proven successful methods in other safety critical domains (aviation and anaesthesia). A subsequent Cost Benefit Analysis for improving deck officers’ NTS is also carried out through the use of Bayesian Networks and Decision Tree Modelling.