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2 2019

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Nonlinear method of determining the vehicle pre-crash speed based on B-spline with propabilistic weights - subcompact car class

Kubiak Przemyslaw, Sys Ewa, Goslawski Lukasz, Manko Maria, Gralewski Jacek, Krukowski Mateusz, De Sousa Ricardo Alves, Mrowicki Adam, Soghabatyan Tigran, Zou Tiefang

Archiwum Motoryzacji

2019

Vol. 85, nr 3

5--18

A new non-linear method utilizing the work W of car deformation is considered in this study. The car deformation is defined as an algebraic function of deformation ratio Cs. The method of variable correlation is exploited in order to develop experimental data. To determinate mathematical model parameters, data from the NHTSA database including frontal crash tests are used. Such database is comprised of substantial number of crash cases and main focus was put on frontal impacts. In the non-linear method used so far, the so-called energetic approach, collisions are considered non-elastic. The speed threshold defining the elastic collision was set to be 11 km/h. This simplistic approach is used to determine the linear relation of energy loss during deformation on deformation coefficient Cs. Deformation points C1-C6 are taken into account while calculating a mean value that defines this coefficient. A more accurate non-linear method as well as more complex form of deformation coefficient is suggested to determine the work of deformation in this paper. The focus of those methods is to establish the value of nonlinear coefficient b_k which is the slope factor of precrash velocity Vt and deformation ratio Cs function.

Analysis of braking marks left by vehicles equipped with ABS with IR spectroscopy

Gosławski Lukasz, Kubiak Przemyslaw, Mrowicki Adam, Soghabatyan Tigran, Sys Ewa, Wang Ying-Wei, Zou Tiefang

Archiwum Motoryzacji

2019

Vol. 84, nr 2

33--43

This paper presents the possible use for IR spectroscopy to reveal skid marks left by cars equipped with Anti-lock Braking System. Detailed analysis of literature showed that there is no method that can be used in order to investigate this kind of tire marks. Up till now only two techniques have been devised. The first one is Method of Image Refinement which consists of transforming the image from the scene of the accident using dedicated graphics software. Second method includes analysis of traces using a thermal imaging camera. This study presents an innovative approach to the problem. Numerous analyses using IR spectroscopy were conducted to check the suitability of this method. The research performed on a Thermo Scientific FTIR Nicolet iS50 Spectrophotometer with an ATR attachment. 40 samples from 10 different types of asphalt were prepared. Each sample was measured 3 times to create its spectrum. The results were analyzed thoroughly using the dedicated SpectraGryph software. Analysis show that the wavelength which makes the braking marks visible is found within the mid-infrared range. Finally, it was found wavelength in which skid marks should be visible. This range is located in the mid-infrared.