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Effective removal of odors from air with polymer nonwoven structures doped by porous materials to use in respiratory protective devices

Brochocka Agnieszka, Nowak Aleksandra, Panek Rafał, Kozikowski Paweł, Franus Wojciech

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2021

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Vol. 47, no. 2

3--19

EN

Filtering Respiratory Protective Devices (FRPD) is not typically evaluated for exposure to volatile compounds, even though they significantly affect their protective performance. Such compounds are released into the atmosphere by industrial processes and pose serious health risks in people inhaling them. The adsorbent materials currently used to prevent those risks include activated carbon (AC). Zeolites and mesoporous silica materials (MCM) are very popular among the sorption materials. Due to their physical and chemical properties, they are able to adsorb significant amounts of volatile compounds from air. The melt-blown technology was used to produce filtering nonwovens with modifiers. As a result, polymer nonwoven structures with modifiers in the form of AC, zeolite (NaP1 type), molecular sieves (SM, SM 4Å) and mesoporous silica materials (MCM-41) were produced. The use of ACs (AC1 from Zgoda and AC2 from Pleisch) and their mixtures with others modifiers allowed to obtain satisfactory sorption, protective and utility properties. The longest breakthrough time against cyclohexane (approx. 53 min) was afforded by a variant containing AC, against ammonia (approx. 12 min) for the variant with AC2 and a mixture of AC2 and MCM-41. In the case of acetone vapor satisfactory breakthrough times were found for the variants with AC2 and AC1+SM (~20–25 min.). The present work deals with scientific research to improve workers’ and society’s health and safety by pursuing a better working life, and creating a safe social environment.

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Environmental analysis of novel sorbents for mercury sorption

Lelek Łukasz, Wdowin Magdalena, Panek Rafał

Polityka Energetyczna

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2020

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T. 23, z. 1

119--134

EN

The reduction of mercury emissions in currently existing coal-based power plant solutions by each method i.e. preliminary, primary and secondary (consisting of introducing coal into the combustion chamber and then removing mercury from the combustion gases arising from the combustion process) does not solve the problem of achieving the required limits by power plants. Therefore, the need has arisen to look for new, effective solutions. The results presented in the work concern the analysis of environmental benefits for the use of zeolites obtained from by-products of coal combustion such as fly ash (from hard coal and lignite) in technologies for removing gaseous forms of mercury. The tested zeolites were silver-modified X-type structures. The reference material in the considerations was active carbon impregnated with bromine – a commercially available sorbent on the market. The article considers environmental benefits resulting from the use of tested zeolites taking the product life cycle, sorbent efficiency and the possibility of its regeneration compared to activated carbon (AC/Br) into account. The LCA analysis was performed taking the estimated material and energy balances of the manufacturing processes into account. When comparing the production process of type X zeolite materials on the processing line and activated carbons in the amount necessary to capture 375 g Hg from exhaust gases, the LCA analysis showed that zeolites contribute to a lower potential impact on the environment. The advantage is that 5 times less zeolite sorbent than activated carbons is needed to capture the same amount of mercury. In addition, zeolite materials can be regenerated, which extends their life time.

PL

Redukcja emisji rtęci w obecnie istniejących rozwiązaniach elektrowni bazujących na węglu zarówno metodami wstępnymi, jak i metodami pierwotnymi oraz metodami wtórnymi polegającymi na wprowadzeniu węgla do komory paleniskowej, a następnie usuwaniu rtęci z gazów wylotowych powstałych w procesie spalania, nie rozwiązuje problemu osiągnięcia wymaganych limitów przez elektrownie, w związku z czym istnieje potrzeba poszukiwania nowych, efektywnych rozwiązań. Przedstawione w pracy wyniki dotyczą analizy korzyści środowiskowych dla zastosowania zeolitów otrzymywanych z ubocznych produktów spalania, jakimi są popioły lotne (z węgla kamiennego i brunatnego) w technologiach usuwania gazowych form rtęci. Badane zeolity stanowiły struktury typu X modyfikowane srebrem. Materiałem referencyjnym w rozważaniach był węgiel aktywny impregnowany bromem – komercyjnie dostępny na rynku sorbent. W artykule rozważono korzyści środowiskowe wynikające z zastosowania badanych zeolitów uwzględniając cykl życia produktu, wydajność sorbentu oraz możliwość jego regeneracji w porównaniu do węgla aktywnego (AC/Br). Analizę LCA dokonano, uwzględniając oszacowane bilanse materiałowe i energetyczne procesów wytwarzania. Przy porównaniu procesu produkcji materiałów zeolitowych typu X na linii technologicznej oraz węgli aktywnych w ilości niezbędnej do wychwycenia z gazów odlotowych 375 g Hg, analiza LCA wykazała, iż zeolity przyczyniają się do mniejszego potencjalnego wpływu na środowisko. Zaletą jest fakt, iż do wychwycenia tej samej ilości rtęci niezbędne jest 5 razy mniej sorbentu zeolitowego niż węgli aktywnych. Ponadto materiały zeolitowe dodatkowo można regenerować, co wydłuża ich czas życia.

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Analysis of selected mineral and waste sorbents for the capture of elemental mercury from exhaust gases

Wdowin Magdalena, Macherzyński Mariusz, Panek Rafał, Wałęka Mateusz, Górecki Jerzy

Mineralogia

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2020

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Vol. 51, iss. 1

17--35

EN

Several mineralogically, chemically and texturally diverse minerals and waste materials were selected for the testing of elemental mercury capture in exhaust gas, namely tyre char resulting from the burning of pyrolytic rubber tyres, class C fly ash, mesoporous material type MCM-41 and glauconite. Each material's mineralogical, chemical and textural characteristics were explored. In order to conduct experiments in conditions similar to those during the contact of sorbent with real coal exhaust fumes at a temperature of about 110-120°C, the experiments were carried out using a test device consisting of a furnace for burning powdered coals, a thermostatic cage for sorbent reactors and mercury gas analysers, which are able to measure and compare the effects of individual sorbents with exhaust gas. The study found that the best results for mercury sorption in the exhaust atmosphere were obtained for class C ash resulting from brown coal combustion.

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Method for Introducing Zeolites and MCM-41 into Polypropylene Melt-Blown Nonwovens

Brochocka Agnieszka, Zagawa Aleksandra, Panek Rafał, Madej Jarosław, Franus Wojciech

Autex Research Journal

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2019

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Vol. 19, no. 4

312--323

EN

In this work, a method for introducing zeolites and mesoporous siliceous materials into the melt-blown process for the production of polypropylene nonwovens was developed and the functional materials obtained were tested. Both types of additives were introduced in the melt-blown technology using a device placed in the duct of the die assembly. Nine types of polypropylene melt-blown nonwovens were made with different types of zeolites (clinoptilolite, Na-X, Na-A, Na-P1, sodalite, Na-P1 with hexadecyl trimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA), ZeoEco 20, and BioZeo R.01) or mesoporous silica material (Mobil Composition of Matter No. 41 , abbreviated as MCM-41). The nonwovens were studied in terms of protective and functional parameters: sodium chloride and paraffin oil mist aerosol penetration, airflow resistance, and sorption capacity for toluene, ammonia, acetone, and cyclohexane, in accordance with the requirements of the European standards concerning respiratory protective equipment. The tests showed that zeolites and MCM-41 can be successfully incorporated within the structure of elementary polymer fibers using an environmentally friendly “dry” melt-blown technology with nonwovens modified so as to impart multiple functionalities in one integrated technological process. The developed method of introducing the studied materials to polypropylene melt-blown nonwovens led to the production of new multipurpose materials with good protective and functional properties. The best polypropylene nonwovens were produced with the addition of 250 g/m2 of MCM-41 or Na-P1 zeolite modified with HDTMA.