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Chronological study of archaeological sites and environmental change around 2600 BP in the Eurasian steppe belt (Uyuk Valley, Tuva Republic)

Zaitseva G. I., Chugunov K. V., Bokovenko N. A., Dergachev V. I., Dirksen V. G., Van Geel B., Koulkova M. A., Lebedeva L. M., Sementsov A. A., Plicht J. van der, Scott E. M., Vasiliev S. S., Lokhov K. I., Bourova N.

Geochronometria

2005

Vol. 24

97-107

The main attention of the article presented focuses on the connection between the development of archaeological cultures and environmental changes during the 9th -4th centuries BC (2700-2400 BP). Environmental changes around 2600 BP can be observed by the character of the radiocarbon calibration curve. The region under study is the Uyuk depression in the Tuva Republic which is the part of the Eurasian steppe belt. To reconstruct environmental changes pollen and geochemical analyses of the lake deposits from the Uyuk depression were used. The main feature that made this territory more attractive for settling, is the humidity that promoted nomadic economy. The chronology of the archaeological sites corresponds to a period with a complicated shape of the calibration curve, and a special approach (wiggle-matching dating) is required. The famous Scythian time monuments Arzhan-1 and Arzhan-2 are located in this region and the wiggle matching method was used to establish the time of their construction. The Arzhan-1 is the oldest among the Scythian time monuments of all Eurasia. The chronology of other Scythian time monuments located in the western and eastern neighbouring territories of Tuva is considered and compared.

Some problems in the study of the chronology of the ancient nomadic cultures in Eurasia (9th - 3rd centuries BC)

Alekseev A. Yu., Bokovenko N. A., Boltrik Yu., Chugunov K. A., Cook G., Dergachev V. A., Kovaliukh N., Possnert G., Plicht J. van der, Scott E. M., Sementsov A., Skripkin V., Vasiliev S., Zaitseva G.

Geochronometria

2002

Vol. 21

143-150

This research is focused on the chronological investigations of ancient nomads belonging to the Scythian cultures which occupied the steppe and forest-steppe zones of Eurasia during the 9 th -3 rd centuries BC. The 14 C dates for the pre-scythian and early scythian time in both Europe and Asia are presented and compared to their chronological position based on archaeological evidence. The first 14 C dates have been produced for the Scythian time monuments located in the Lower Volga River basin, Urals and Transurals regions. Their chronological positions are compared with the position of the monuments of Southern Siberia and Central Asia. It was shown that the nomadic cultures belonging to the Scythian culture began to exist over the wide territory of Eurasia from the 9 th -8 th centuries cal BC and there are some monuments which may be synchronous to the Arzhan royal barrow (the oldest monument known). A list of new 14 C dates and a map of the monuments are presented.

Tree-rings, "wiggle matching" and statistics in the chronological studies of Scythian age sites in Asia

Vasiliev S., Bokovenko N. A., Chugunov K. A., Dergachev V. A., Sementsov A., Sljusarenko Yu., Zaitseva G.

Geochronometria

2001

Vol. 20

61-68

A new method of cross-dating of wood samples is suggested. Based on the classical methods of spectral estimating, it uses the average cross-spectral density as a function of relative position of series. This procedure being not sensitive to phase shifts in data may be instrumental for the cross-dating of samples originating from different areas. The method was tested on Scythian tombs located in Southern Siberia, Central Asia and Kazakhstan, with the emphasis on the "Royal" barrows which included well preserved wood structures. For well-preserved timber samples, the accuracy in relative age estimations can reach a single year. The wiggle matching method has been used for a reliable assessment of the calendar-scale time.