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Hydrogen-Powered Ultralight Training Aircraft - A Systems Engineering Approach

Kuk Sebastian Piotr

Transactions on Aerospace Research

2025

Nr 2 (279)

1--17

This study identifies a practical and scalable entry point for hydrogen-powered aviation by applying a systems engineering and Minimum Viable Product (MVP) approach. Given persistent challenges - including hydrogen storage limitations, integration constraints, and a lack of supporting infrastructure - the most viable early application is found in a Light or Ultralight training aircraft. A hydrogen-electric configuration using Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells and high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage is proposed. This solution minimizes technical and logistical barriers, aligns with existing flight school operations, and offers a pathway toward broader adoption of hydrogen in aviation.

Conceptual Design and Validation of a Hydrogen Training Airplane

Kuk Sebastian Piotr

Transactions on Aerospace Research

2025

Nr 3 (280)

21--40

This study presents the conceptual design and stability assessment of an ultralight hydrogen-electric training aircraft. Building on a Minimum Viable Product (MVP) approach, the analysis first examines design requirements and trends in existing two-seat trainers. A conceptual design process is then applied, with adaptations for the integration of a hydrogen propulsion system comprising a fuel cell stack, electric motor, battery, and high-pressure hydrogen storage. Four alternative configurations for propulsion system placement were proposed and compared; the integrated nose-mounted layout was identified as the most promising. Stability and controllability analyses demonstrated that, despite relatively high moments of inertia and sensitivity in control forces, the aircraft remains stable and controllable across the flight envelope. The results confirm the technical feasibility of hydrogen propulsion integration in the ultralight training segment, while also highlighting the need for further aerodynamic validation, prototype testing, and regulatory development to support the future certification of hydrogen-powered aircraft.