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Research on the design and simulation of frontal collision assessment of a truck with emergency vehicle suppression system

Vu Hai Quan, Tran Quang Tam, Nguyen Anh Ngoc, Le Hong Quan, Hoang Khai Hung

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

2025

z. 128

295--309

In response to the growing threat of vehicle-ramming attacks targeting critical infrastructure such as airports, government facilities, and public gathering spaces, this study focuses on the design and simulation of a direct frontal collision between a heavy truck and an emergency vehicle barrier using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The simulation model is developed to replicate realistic impact conditions, allowing detailed analysis of the barrier’s structural behavior under extreme loads, including deformation patterns, stress distribution, and energy absorption capacity. Material properties, contact interactions, and boundary constraints are carefully defined to enhance simulation accuracy. The results reveal that an optimally designed barrier with reinforced structures and effective energy-dissipating features can significantly reduce damage and vehicle intrusion, thereby improving overall protective performance. This confirms the crucial role of FEM-based simulation in the early design phase of physical security systems, offering a cost-effective and predictive approach to evaluating and optimizing barrier effectiveness before real-world deployment.