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Influence of Urban Transport on Heavy Metals Accumulation in the Leaves of Lime Trees in Cracow

Czaja M., Kołton A., Baran A., Muras P.

Logistyka

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2014

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nr 4

4193--4197, CD6

EN

Traffic related pollution became an increasing problem in cities. Leaves of trees can be effective cleaners of the polluted areas. The aim of the study was to investigate the concentration of heavy metals accumulated inside the leaves and on the leaf blades of lime trees. We also wanted to find the correlation between concentration of heavy metals inside the leaves and in the soil. It is thought that heavy metals which are not correlated with soil concentration might be uptake from the street dust. Plant material was collected from Tilia tomentosa trees growing along road with heavy traffic in Cracow. Concentration of heavy metals were assessed in the plant material and soil samples collected from the area of the crowns. Presented study showed that street dust arising can affect the plant uptake of the heavy metals.

PL

Zanieczyszczenia związane z natężeniem ruchu drogowego w miastach stają się coraz większym problemem. Liście drzew mogą z powodzeniem oczyszczać środowisko z zanieczyszczeń. Celem badań było określenie poziomu akumulacji metali ciężkich w liściach i na liściach lip. Dodatkowo próbowano znaleźć korelację pomiędzy zawartością metali w liściach i w glebie. Materiał roślinny pobierano z lip srebrzystych (Tiliatomentosa) rosnących w wzdłuż drogi o dużym natężeniu ruchu, w Krakowie. Zawartość metali ciężkich oznaczono w materiale roślinnym oraz w glebie pobieranej w zasięgu koron badanych drzew. Badania wykazały, że pył drogowy może wpływać na pobieranie metali ciężkich przez rośliny.

2

Influence of platinum ions on the germination and seedling root growth of different plant species

Kołton A., Czaja M.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2014

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Vol. 40, no. 4

343--348

EN

For several decades an increase of platinum in the environment was recorded. This is connected with the release of platinum from automobile catalytic converters and pharmaceutical industries. In the conducted experiments the effect of various forms and concentrations of platinum on the germination and roots growth of different plants (oat, garden cress and tomato) was investigated. Two separate experiments were performed with lower (experiment 1st: 1, 5 and 10 mg/L) and higher (experiment 2nd: 10, 20 and 40 mg/L) [Pt(NH3)4](NO3)2 or PtCl4 dosages. There was no significant effect of dose and form of platinum on the germination of seeds (experiment 1st and 2nd). The effect of platinum containing substances dose on root growth of young seedlings was observed during experiment, dependent on the species of tested plants. The root length of oat plants was similar in all treatments in experiment 1st. The shortest tomato roots were observed in the case of a 10 mg/L of PtCl4, it was statistically shorter than the control plants (treated with water) as well. The roots of the tomato treated with [Pt(NH3)4](NO3)2 were the same length as observed for the control sample. The garden cress root growth was not affected by [Pt(NH3)4](NO3)2, but a solution containing Pt4+ stimulated the root growth. The roots of tomato and oat treated with [Pt(NH3)4](NO3)2 had similar length as the control plants in contrast to the far shorter roots treated with PtCl4 (experiment 2nd). Moreover, the treatment with [Pt(NH3)4](NO3)2 stimulated the growth of garden cress roots compared to the control, while only the lowest dose of PtCl4 stimulated the root growth.

3

Influence of platinum ions on phenolic compounds in Lepidium sativum seedlings

Czaja M., Kołton A., Muras P.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2014

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Vol. 40, no. 4

319--324

EN

Despite limiting the transport emitted pollution, contamination of the roadside environment remains an important issue. Due to necessity to decrease the lead emission, catalytic converters modifications were introduced. It caused increase of Platinum Group Elements (PGEs) emission, which was rare in the environment before. So far there is lack of information about platinum contamination to functioning of plants which are so important in the urban environment. In the experiment garden cress (Lepidium sativum) were sown into Petri dishes filled with filter paper soaked with solutions of different platinum concentration. There were used two compounds containing platinum at different oxidation states PtCl4 - ssolutions containing 0.58, 2.89, 5.79, 11.58 and 23.16 mg Pt4+•dm−3 and [Pt(NH3)4] (NO3)2 - solutions containing 0.50, 2.52, 5.04, 10.08 and 20.15 mg Pt2+•dm−3 in every combination of the experiment. In every combination there were five Petri dishes, experiment was repeated twice. To estimate plant response to stress factor, phenolic compounds contents were analyzed in the roots and shoots parts separately. The highest amount of total phenolics in roots was recorded in plants treated with highest Pt4+ dose which was 23.16 mg•dm−3, seeds treated with other doses of platinum (including those treated with highest dose of Pt2+ did not differ significantly from control plants. In the case of phenolic compounds in the aboveground parts of seedlings there was highest accumulation than in roots. Highest amounts of phenolics were recorded in plants also treated with Pt4+ in doses 11.58 and 23.16 mg•dm−3.

4

Zawartość fenoli w pędach Gypsophilla fastigiata pod wpływem wzrastającego stężenia jonów ołowiu

Muszyńska E., Kołton A.

Logistyka

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2013

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nr 4

PL

W wyniku działalności różnych gałęzi przemysłu, gospodarki komunalnej, chemizacji rolnictwa, ale przede wszystkim wzrostu intensywności użytkowania szlaków komunikacyjnych, dochodzi do skażenia środowiska naturalnego metalami ciężkimi. Nadmierna ich ilość negatywnie oddziałuje na organizmy żywe, gdyż prowadzi do licznych zaburzeń funkcji metabolicznych i transportowych. Z tego powodu, na terenach położonych przy szosach, przeżywają jedynie organizmy przystosowane do wysokiej zawartości przede wszystkim jonów ołowiu i kadmu w podłożu. W niniejszej pracy, proponuje się wykorzystanie Gypsophilla fastigiata, reprezentującej populacje galmanowe Olkuskiego Rejonu Rudnego do nasadzeń w zieleni miejskiej. Przeprowadzone analizy dotyczące wpływu metali ciężkich na kondycję fizjologiczną roślin, wykazały, że jest to bylina o dużej wytrzymałości na wzrastające stężenie jonów ołowiu, zatem z powodzeniem może być stosowana do nasadzeń wzdłuż szlaków komunikacyjnych i w aglomeracjach miejskich.

EN

Unfavourable ecological changes take place in the world around us as a result of various industrial activities, public utilities and chemicals use in agriculture. Environmental contamination by heavy metals is also caused by increase of communication routes using. An excessive amount of heavy metals have a negative impact on living organisms and lead to a numerous metabolic dysfunctions. For this reason, in the areas close to the main roads, only organisms adapted to the high concentration of lead and cadmium ions in the soil can survive. In this paper, it is proposed to use Gypsophilla fastigiata, which represents calamine flora grown in the Olkusz Ore – bearing area for planting in green belt down the communication roads. The analyses of heavy metals influence on the physiological conditions of tested plants have shown that G. fastigiata characterises by high resistance to increasing concentrations of lead ions, therefore, can be successfully used for planting along transport routes and urban areas.

5

Właściwości chemiczne gleb z terenów miejskich na początku sezonu wegetacyjnego

Czaja M., Kołton A., Baran A.

Logistyka

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2013

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nr 4

PL

Zanieczyszczenie gleb miejskich spowodowane wysokim natężeniem ruchu drogowego jest coraz powszechniej dyskutowanym zagadnieniem. Szkody środowiskowe spowodowane przez transport stają się uciążliwym problemem uniemożliwiającym prawidłowy rozwój roślin w obszarach zurbanizowanych. Celem badań było poznanie właściwości gleb z terenów miejskich wczesną wiosną oraz porównanie ich w różnej odległości od drogi. Wykonano analizę gleby z trzech miejsc zlokalizowanych przy Al. Powstania Warszawskiego, pomiędzy Rondem Grzegórzeckim a Rondem Mogilskim w Krakowie. W badanych próbkach gleby oznaczono zawartość metali ciężkich, węgla organicznego, przewodność elektrolityczną właściwą (EC) oraz pH gleby.

EN

Contamination of city soils affected by high street traffic is commonly discussed issue. Environmental damages affected by transport are becoming oppressive problem, which prevents normal plant development in urban complexes. The aim of the study was observation of the city soil properties during early spring and comparing points located in different distances from the road. Soil condition were investigated in three different places localized along Powstania Warszawskiego Avenue, between Grzegórzeckie roundabout and Mogilskie roundabout in Cracow. In the analyzed samples content of metals, organic content (organic carbon), electrolytic conductance (EC) and pH of the soil were assayed.