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Shallow Groundwater Pollution Index Around the Location of Griyo Mulyo Landfill (Jabon Landfill) in Jabon District, Sidoarjo Regency, East Java, Indonesia

Tangahu Bieby Voijant, Kartika Anak Agung Gde, Sambodho Kriyo, Marendra Sheilla Megagupita Putri, Arliyani Isni

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2021

Vol. 22, nr 3

199--210

The leachate coming from the landfill is a serious problem. This is because the leachate water can contaminate the wells of the residents around the landfill. This research was conducted at Jabon Landfill located in Jabon District of Sidoarjo Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia. Jabon Landfill has been operating since 2003 with a controlled landfill system that has triggered environmental risks due to the leachate output. The purpose of this study was to determine the classification of the shallow groundwater quality status based on the pollution index (PI) around Jabon Landfill at a distance of around 250 meters, 500 meters and 1,000 meters from the landfill. The pollution index was determined by analyzing the pollutant concentration consisting of these following parameters: pH, BOD, COD and Fe. The results of the analysis show that the pH parameter had a higher value than the pH at Jabon Landfill of 7.2–7.5. The pH at Jabon Landfill was 6.35. The Fe parameter shows that the value of 1.694 in the groundwater well closest to Jabon Landfill and the wells further away indicates that the Fe concentration was lower for the latter, namely 0.081 at a distance of up to 200 meters. On the basis of the Pollution Index, the highest value was 5.45 at Well 7 is located 196 m from Jabon Landfill. Meanwhile, the well furthest from Jabon Landfill at a distance of 1,000 m showed a lightly polluted status with a Pollution Index of 1.91. The further the location of the well away from Jabon Landfill, the Pollution Index value tended to decrease. This means that the pollution status generally improves. Overall, the pollution status of the 18 wells shows that 2 wells are moderately polluted, 15 wells are lightly polluted and 1 well is in good condition.

Deconcentration of Chromium Contained in Wastewater Using a Bacteria and Microalgae Consortia with a High Rate Algal Reactor System

Tangahu Bieby Voijant, Berlianto Malik, Kartika Anak Agung Gde

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2020

Vol. 21, nr 8

272--284

Heavy metal pollution has recently gained serious attention as an environmental issue. One example of heavy metal pollution in the natural water environment is chromium metal, which is released by several industries. Polyvalent chromium 6 is one of the most difficult environmental pollutants to remove due to its dissolvable and unstable properties. Bioremediation using a consortium of bacteria and microalgae in a High Rate Algal Reactor (HRAR) system can be expected to decrease the chromium concentration. The aim of this study was to determine the percentage of chromium removal by a bacteria and microalgae consortium and to determine the best ratio between these two kinds of microorganism in the context of pollutant reduction. The wastewater containing chromium that was used in this study was artificial wastewater with a chromium concentration of 17 mg/L. The species of microalgae and bacteria were Chlorella vulgaris and Azotobacter S8. The chromium concentration used in the main experiment was determined through a preliminary Range Finding Test (RFT) for the microalgae and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for the bacteria. The chromium concentrations in RFT and MIC were 0, 17, 42, 85, 169 and 339 mg/L and the variables in the main study were the respective Azotobacter S8 and Chlorella vulgaris compositions (50:50, 75:25, 25:75 %v/v). This, in addition to the variation in the consortium composition, was compared to the polluted media in the reactor (5:95 and 10:90 %v/v). Such parameters as pH, temperature, total chromium concentration, microalgae cell count, and bacterial colonies were monitored during the experiments. The chromium deconcentration study was conducted over 7 (seven) days in a High Rate Algal Reactor (HRAR) with the microorganism inoculation conducted in the determined composition of artificial wastewater. The reactor was stirred for 24 hours per day and illuminated using artificial light at an intensity of 6000 – 7000 lux. The deconcentration of chromium was analyzed using an Atomic Adsrober Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results showed that the highest chromium removal was reached in the reactor where the ratio of microorganisms and bacteria was 50%:50%, the initial inoculum of polluted media was 5%: 95% and there was a chromium removal rate of 18.68%. The consortium of Azotobacter S8 bacteria and Chlorella vulgaris microalgae can thus reduce the chromium concentration through the mechanisms of biosorption, bioaugmentation, and bioaccumulation.