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PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki dwuletnich badań eksploatacyjnych sześciu budynków wielorodzinnych. W budynku A oraz B źródłem ciepła była kotłownia gazowa, natomiast pozostałe budynki (budynek C, D, E, F) zasilane były z miejskiej sieci ciepłowniczej. W budynkach A, B, C oraz D zainstalowany był tradycyjny system ogrzewania i przygotowania c.w.u. z pomiarem zużycia ciepła na cele c.o. oraz zużycia wody zimnej i ciepłej przy każdym z mieszkań. Z kolei w budynkach E i F zainstalowane były mieszkaniowe węzły cieplne. Dla analizowanych obiektów określono sprawności systemu ogrzewania oraz systemu przygotowania ciepłej wody użytkowej oraz zwrócono uwagę na koszty eksploatacyjne związane ze zużyciem paliwa.
EN
In this article results of two-year exploitive research of 6 multi-family buildings. In two buildings (building A and building B) as the heat source gas boiler was used. However remaining buildings (building C, D, E, F) were supplied from the district heating network. In buildings A, B, C and D traditional heating and hot water preparation system was installed with the monitoring of the heat consumption for the heating purposes and hot water consumptions at every flat in the building. However in buildings E and F residential thermal stations were installed. For analysed buildings efficiency of heating system and hot water system were defined. The attention was paid on costs associated with fuel consumption.
EN
A detailed analysis of the influence of a glazed surface type with a diversified thermal transmittance on the energy balance of a detached house boasting the volume of 445.10 m3, was carried out on the basis of the Passive House Planning Program (PHPP). Average monthly transmission heat losses and solar gains by windows with five different U-Values were determined. A part of heat losses by windows in the total building energy balance was compared. It was pointed out, that the use of windows with thermal transmittance equals 0.80 W/(m2×K) enables to reduce transmission heat losses by 34% and to decrease the energy need for heating by circa 18% in comparison with the windows with thermal transmittance equals 1.20 W/(m2×K). The annual primary energy demand in this building was reduced by 2.9%. For all analyzed cases, the use of external solar shading devices contributes to reduction of the transmission heat losses and the energy demand ratio for the heating system. The solar control devices allowed to decrease of solar heat gains at the average by 41.3% during the months from May to September. The application of energy-saving windows with external solar shading devices influenced the increase of the building energy efficiency.
EN
The subject of this research study consisted in 15 multi-family buildings, 8 out of which were supplied with heat for heating and hot water preparation purposes from the thermal node used for the group of buildings, and 7 buildings were equipped with two-functional individual thermal nodes. The analysed multi-family buildings had hot water metres installed and had useful surfaces close to themselves. The temperature of hot water was within the range 55-60°C. Research was made within the period of 5 years. Measurements were executed at the beginning of each month by the use of existing measuring equipments (water meters and calorimeters), with valid legalization certificates. On the basis of the research it was noticed that the manner of the hot water preparation had a great influence on the value of individual heat consumption used for hot water preparation and on costs borne by recipients. It was ascertained that the hot water preparation in the thermal node, which provides hot water for group of multi-family buildings, requires about 27% heat more than required in the case of the hot water preparation in the individual thermal node. Besides, it was noticed that the individual heat consumption used for hot water preparation increased, as the hot water consumption dropped. In turn, the use of thermostatic valves in the hot water installation causes the decrease of heat consumption used for hot water preparation by 12% on average, which is caused by the limitation of circulation flow in pipes and minimizing of heat losses in transportation of hot water.
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